测土配方施肥对油菜生产的影响——基于1722份田间试验材料的经济学分析

Effect of Soil Testing and Formula Fertilization on Rape Production——Economic Analysis of 1 722 Field Test Materials

论文基于1 722份田间试验数据,将氮、磷、钾肥的投入量和油菜的产出量分别折算为相应的具体投入值和产出值,首先,运用超越对数生产函数模型计算出各种化肥要素的边际产出,研究发现氮、磷、钾肥的投入对油菜产出值的作用大小存在一定差异,对油菜产出值的影响大小关系为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥,其中氮肥的产出弹性值为0.288 3,磷肥的产出弹性值为0.180 3,钾肥的产出弹性值为0.087 7。其次,继续探究氮、磷、钾肥在油菜生产中的相互关系,结果显示,氮肥替代弹性系数为-0.058 8,磷肥为0.120 9,钾肥为0.281 0。最后,测算出使油菜产出值最大的氮肥最佳投入值为951.20元/hm^2,最佳磷肥投入值为3 766.08元/hm^2,最佳钾肥投入值为621.32元/hm^2。

In this paper, effect of soil testing and formula fertilization on rape production were analyzed based on 1 722 field experiment materials. The inputs of nitrogen fertilizer（N）,phosphate fertilizer（P）, potash fertilizer（K） and the output of rapeseed were converted into specific input value and output value. Firstly, the marginal output of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer were calculated using transcendental logarithm production function model. The study found that there are certain differences in the effects of inputs of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer on the rapeseed output value. The output elasticity value of nitrogen is 0.288 3, the output elasticity value of phosphate is 0.180 3, and the output elasticity of potash is 0.087 7. Secondly, the relationships of the roles of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in rapeseed production were explored. The results show that the elasticity of substitution coefficient of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is -0.058 8, 0.120 9 and 0.281 0, respectively.Finally, it was estimated that the best inputs of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer for maximum output value of rape are 951.20, 3 766.08, and 621.32 yuan/hm2,respectively.