笛卡尔的“天赋观念说”论析

An Analysis of Descartes' "Theory of Gifted Ideas"

伴随着十七世纪欧洲近代形而上学思想的发展,欧洲史上经历了古希腊自然哲学、中世纪基督教哲学两大时期。直到近代哲学认识论发生转向,经验论的发展最终演变成了否定科学知识普遍必然性的怀疑论。以唯理论的代表人物笛卡尔为例,现通过对笛卡尔"天赋观念"的缘起、笛卡尔"天赋观念"的四重内涵及本质、哲学家们对笛卡尔"天赋观念"的否定与批判、继承与超越,笛卡尔"天赋观念"的时代蜂窝五个方面进行论述,彰显笛卡尔的"天赋观念"在特殊历史时期的时代价值,这种思想也成为十七和十八世纪资产阶级争取政权革命运动反封建斗争的有力武器。

With the development of modern metaphysics in Europe in the seventeenth century, European history has experienced two periods of ancient Greek natural philosophy and medieval Christian philosophy. Until the modem philosophy epistemology turned, the development of empirieisnl eventually evolved into a skepticism that denied the universal necessity- of scientific knowledge. Taking Descartes as the theoretical representative, this article passes through the Descartes/ origin of ＂indigenous ideas＂, the four connotations and nature of Descartes/ ＂concept of gifledness＂, and the philosophers~ rejection and criticism of Descartes~ ＂nature concept＂. , inheritance and transcendence, Deseartes^s ＂nature of talents,＂ the five aspects of the honeycomb are discussed. The epochal value of Descartes＇＂genius concept＂ in a special historical period is demonstrated, and this kind of ideology has also become a powerful weapon for the bourgeois struggle for the revolutionary movement of the regime in the 17th and 18th centuries.