民商合一下的职务代理之反思——从解释论视角看《民法总则》第170条

A Reflection on the Agency in Duty under the Unification of the Civil and Commercial Law

在大陆法系传统商法中,职务代理与代理商之代理合为广义的商事代理。《民法总则》第170条的职务代理制度基于中国特色"民商合一"之立法思想,致力于提取民事代理和商事代理的公因式,通过设置通用型条款,欲统一适用于民事代理和商事代理,造成第170条第1款的适用范围未得到合理限制,发生民事代理与商事代理的混合。而第170条第2款又属于商事代理规范,以致不合理地将商事代理规范适用于民事代理。自解释论而言,应就职务代理制度的法律适用对第170条进行目的性限缩。

In the traditional commercial law of the continental law system,the commercial agency consists of the agency in duty agent and the agency of agemts.The article 170 of the General Rules of Civil Law,which is based on the legislative thought of the Chinese characteristic“the Unification of Civil and Commercial Law”,is applied to the civil agency and business agency by the means of taking the common factors and regulating general provisions. But the scope of application of the section 1 of the article 170 has not been reasonably limited, and causes a mixture of civil agency and commercial agency.The section 2 of the article 170 belongs to the commercial agency norm,so that the business agency norm is unreasonable to apply to the civil agency. From the perspective of Hermeneutics,the article 170 should be limited by the means of“teleologische reduktion”.