上海地区2010—2016年蚊虫监测结果分析

Mosquito monitoring result analysis in Shanghai,2010—2016

【目的】掌握上海地区人居及周边环境蚊虫的常见种类、密度及季节变化规律,为蚊虫防治及蚊媒病的风险评估提供科学依据。【方法】收集2010—2016年上海市病媒生物监测点蚊虫监测数据,分析蚊虫种类的构成情况,比较不同种类、不同环境、不同年份蚊种密度的变化规律。【结果】2010—2016年捕获蚊虫密度为1.78只/(器·h),捕获蚊虫中淡色库蚊和三带喙库蚊总构成比为80.3%。淡色(致倦)库蚊捕获密度最高,为1.22只/(器·h),其次为三带喙库蚊和白纹伊蚊,分别为0.22只/(器·h)和0.21只/(器·h)。2010—2016年捕获蚊虫总密度总体呈现上升趋势。牲畜棚、农户以及居民区捕获蚊虫密度接近,各蚊种在牲畜棚及农户的密度均较高;除牲畜棚外,白纹伊蚊密度在其它环境中的密度变化不大。捕获蚊虫密度季节消长趋势呈单峰型,7月最高;白纹伊蚊密度高峰期持续时间较长,为7—9月。【结论】上海地区人居及周边环境的优势蚊种为淡色库蚊;农村的农户、牲畜棚及城镇居民区绿化地为蚊虫侵害高发场所,应加强对这类环境的蚊虫控制。

[Objective] To ascertain species density and seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes in Shanghai and to provide the scientific evidence for mosquito control and risk assessment for mosquito-borne disease.[Methods]The surveillance data on mosquitoes by CO_2 traps were collected from 2010 to 2016. The species composition of different mosquitoes was analyzed and the seasonal fluctuations of different mosquitoes in different habitats were compared. [Results] The average captured mosquito density was 1. 78 mosquitoes per light trap in 2010-2016, and in the composition of captured Culex pipen pallens and Cx.tritaeniorhynchus,Culex pipen pallens reached 80. 3%. The density of captured Cx. pipen pallens was the highest,1. 22 mosquitoes per light trap, followed by Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Aedes albopictus which were 0. 22 and 0. 21 mosquitoes per light trap,respectively. The density of captured mosquitoes tended to increase from 2010 to 2016, close to that obtained from livestock, farmyards and green belt around residential areas. The density of As. albopictu was little different in these monitored habitats except for livestock sheds. There was only a peak in July for the seasonal fluctuation tendency of captured mosquitoes,and the density peak of As. albopictu continued from July to September. [Conclusion]Cx. pipen pallens is the dominant species in human habitats and surroundings in Shanghai. The farmyard and livestock in rural and green belts of residential areas in town are the most important mosquitoes infestation areas,so more attention must be paid to mosquitoes control in these areas.