Genetic Manipulation of Non-Classic Oilseed Plants for Enhancement of Their Potential as a Biofactory for Triacylglycerol Production

到2030年,全球植物油需求量预计将翻番。然而目前的植物油生产平台,包括油棕和温带油籽却难以满足如此的增幅。因此,探索新型植物油来源对弥补未来的植物油的短缺变得越来越重要。植物油的主要形式是三酰甘油(TAG),最近通过基因工程在植物营养组织中生产TAG引起了人们极大的兴趣。多学科的"组学"研究也愈发提高了我们对植物脂质生物化学和代谢的理解。鉴于此,生物化学途径鉴定及对脂肪酸生物合成、脂质组装和转换关键的基因的注释已得到有效更新。近年来,通过对TAG生物合成涉及的关键基因和调节因子的遗传操作,高生物量植物营养组织和油籽中TAG的积累得到了前所未有的迅速发展。本文总结了目前从单基因操作到旨在增加高生物量植物组织中TAG积累的多基因叠加基因工程策略,讨论了可能有助于进一步缓解食用油和生物柴油潜在短缺的植物油生产的新方向和建议。

Global demand for vegetable oil is anticipated to double by 2030. The current vegetable oil production platforms, including oil palm and temperate oilseeds, are unlikely to produce such an expansion. Therefore, the exploration of novel vegetable oil sources has become increasingly important in order to make up this future vegetable oil shortfall. Triacylglycerol （TAG）, as the dominant form of vegetable oil, has recently attracted immense interest in terms of being produced in plant vegetative tissues via genetic engineering technologies. Multidiscipline-based ＂-omics＂ studies are increasingly enhancing our understanding of plant lipid biochemistry and metabolism. As a result, the identification of biochemical pathways and the annotation of key genes contributing to fatty acid biosynthesis and to lipid assembly and turnover have been effectively updated. In recent years, there has been a rapid development in the genetic enhancement of TAG accumulation in high-biomass plant vegetative tissues and oilseeds through the genetic manipulation of the key genes and regulators involved in TAG biosynthesis. In this review, current genetic engineering strategies ranging from single-gene manipulation to multigene stacking aimed at increasing plant biomass TAG accumulation are summarized. New directions and suggestions for plant oil production that may help to further alleviate the potential shortage of edible oil and biodiesel are discussed.