从命名看西游故事中猪八戒形象的演化

On Evolution of Zhu Bajie's Image in the Stories Concerning the Journey to the West from the Naming Perspective

猪八戒"黑猪精"的名称,是历史上猪怪传说的遗存。宋元流传的"黑风大王"故事与黑猪精都具有生于北方、色黑、肮脏、好色等特点,因此被附会在一起。随着元明以来取经故事的演化,需要为猪八戒在道教神仙中寻找代理人,而"天蓬元帅"身居北方、色黑、兴风雨的特点使其成了最佳人选。猪八戒在加入之初,从佛门大师身上取名取号,名为"朱八戒";由元入明,一方面为了避祸,另一方面也为了使人物名实相符,体现出一种戏谑,文人便自觉地改"朱"为"猪",从而完成了猪八戒名称、形象的定型!对西游故事中猪八戒形象演化的梳理,除了具备个体研究的意义外,还可以之为典型,为西游故事的整体演进提供一种侧面的补充。

The Zhu Bajie＇s nickname＂monster of black pig＂has come from the historical tale concerning the pig monster.And both the black pig monster and the＂black wind king＂in the popular stories in Song and Yuan Dynasties were born in the North,black,dirty and lech.Accordingly,they were connected.With the evolution of the stories concerning the journey to the West since Yuan and Ming Dynasties,the agent had to be found for Zhu Bajie among the Taoist immortals.And the＂Tianpeng martial＂who also lives in the North,is black and able to call for wind and rain has become the best candidate.In the early period of Bajie＇s participation,he was given the surname＂Zhu＂（generally as a common family name in China）by a Buddhist master instead of its homophone＂Zhu＂（referring to＂pig＂）.After the transition from Yuan to Ming,for the sake of avoiding the disaster and accordance between the name and its reference,the literary men humorously changed his surname into the latter＂Zhu＂（pig）.Such name and Zhu Bajie＇s image have become fixed ever since.The evolution of Zhu＇s image is significant for the study of individuality,which has provided the supplementation for the whole development of stories concerning the journey to the West.