程序法视角下对诈害案外人恶意诉讼之规制

On Regulations of Malicious Suits Against Outsiders in Fraud Cases from a Perspective of Procedural Law

诈害案外人恶意诉讼因其隐蔽性,极大地损害程序公正和案外人的权益。实践中主要表现为"逃避债务型""转移财产型""推卸责任型""规避法律型"等几种类型。诈害案外人恶意诉讼在程序法规制方面存在的问题主要是"案外人再被诈害诉讼侵害时没有程序法上的救济途径""检察院民事抗诉权适用范围较窄""现行民事诉讼法对诈害案外人恶意诉讼者的惩治力度较弱""缺乏针对诈害案外人恶意诉讼的刑事责任法律规范""民事赔偿责任制度不健全"等。可从"完善诈害诉讼的识别与预防制度""增设上诉许可制度""完善第三人诉讼参加制度""建立诈害诉讼惩罚机制"等方面突破,达致制度之改善。

Due to the concealment of malicious suits against outsiders of fraud cases,the procedural justice is greatly damaged,so are the outsiders＇ rights and interests.In practice,such suits can be classified into the following four types：creditor-avoiding,property-transferring,responsibility-evading,and law-shirking.Problems existing in such suits mainly include no relief path when outsiders are infringed again,narrow application scope of procuratorate＇s counterappeal,inadequate punishment on the malicious prosecutors by the current civil law,lack of criminal law against the malicious prosecutors,and imperfect system of civil compensation.Such problems can be solved through the following ways：perfection of system of distinguishing and preventing fraud suits,establishment of the permission system of appeal,improvement of the system concerning the third party＇s participation in the suits,and creating the mechanism punishing the fraud suitors.