永定客家祖墓宗祠和土楼崇祖现象试析

An Analysis on Ancestral Worshipping in Yongding in Perspective of Ancestral Graves,Ancestral Halls and Earth Buildings

慎终追远、念祖思宗既是客家人挥之不去的情结,又是客家人所恪守的中华民族优秀文化传统的传承。永定客家非常重视祖坟的修造,注重"二次葬",以纪念先祖的丰功伟绩,希望得到先祖的庇佑;永定客家特别重视修建宗祠,不仅使之成为慎终追远、念祖思宗的神圣殿堂,而且还通过宗祠楹联、牌匾、壁画等教育族人,使之成为宗族教育的场所;永定客家还通过土楼内的先祖遗像、遗训、楹联等颂扬祖德宗功并教育族人,从而使优秀传统文化和优良家风得以潜移默化、代代相传。

The funeral rites to parents and the memorial services not only demonstrate the nostalgia for ancestors by the Hakkas,but also the inheritance of the traditional culture of the nation. Firstly, the construction of ancestral graves is paid great attention by the Hakkas in Yongding, and special emphasis is placed on “ the second - time burial ” to commemorate the great achievements of the ancestors and hope to obtain the protection from the ancestors. Secondly,the construction of ancestral halls is also valued by the Hakkas in Yongding. Not only has it become a sacred temple to perform the funeral rites to parents and the memorial service,but it has also been used as a place for the clan education through plaques and murals. Thirdly,the Hakkas in Yongding have handed down the ancestral virtues and educated the clan descendents through portraits,past training,and couplets inside the Earth Buildings. The excellent traditional culture and the family tradition have influenced the young generations and passed on from one generation to another.