红花对氮磷钾的吸收与分配规律研究

Absorption and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in Carthamus tinctoricus L.

【目的】研究红花(Carthamus tinctoricus L.)对氮、磷、钾的吸收特征,为红花科学施肥提供依据。【方法】在大田条件下,以红花3个株系(2-3、H-7、BH-1)为材料,采用完全随机试验设计,研究幼苗期、花蕾期和成熟期红花不同器官对氮、磷、钾的吸收与分配规律,并分析氮、磷、钾累积量与产量的关系。【结果】幼苗期氮素以叶中较高,磷素和钾素含量均以茎、叶较高;与幼苗期相比,花蕾期根、茎、叶中氮、磷、钾含量下降,转移到花和蕾等器官中;成熟期根、茎、叶中氮、磷、钾含量持续下降,养分转移到种子和苞叶等器官中,氮的分布特征表现为种子>叶>苞叶>根>茎,磷的分布特征表现为种子>苞叶>叶>根>茎,钾的分布特征表现为苞叶>种子>根>茎>叶。同一生育期,不同红花材料的氮、磷、钾累积量有明显差异。苗期氮、磷、钾累积量较低,花蕾期迅速增加,成熟期持续增加。从花、籽粒中氮、磷、钾累积量占花蕾期、成熟期对应养分累积量的比例可知,红花花对磷、钾的需求量大于氮;红花籽粒对磷的需求量最大,其次为氮和钾。【结论】植株体内养分含量随红花的生长而变化,养分累积量表现为钾>氮>磷,干花和籽粒产量与氮、磷、钾累积量有明显关系,花蕾期对磷钾需求量大,成熟期对磷氮需求量大。

[Objective] The paper studied the absorption characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to provide basis for scientific fertilization for Carthamus tinctorius L. [Method] In field experiment,a completely randomized trial design was used to study the absorption and distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different organs of 3 C. tinctorius L strains （2-3, H-7 and BH-7） at seedling stage, bud stage and mature stage. The relationship between the cumulative amounts of nitrogen, phosphous and potassium and yield was also analyzed. [Result] The nitrogen content was high in leaf at seedling stage,and phosphorus and potassium contents were high in stem and leaf. Compared with seedling stage, the contents of N,P and K in root, stem and leaf decreased during bud stage,and the nutrients transferred to flower and bud. At mature stage,N,P and K contents in root,stem and leaf continued to decline,and nutrients transferred to seed and bract. Distribution of nitrogen was in the order of seed〉leaf〉bract〉root〉 stem,that of phosphorus was seed〉bract〉leaf〉root〉stem,and that of potassium was bract〉seed〉root〉stem〉leaf. In each growth period, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation amounts of different organs had significant difference. The accumulation contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were low in seedling stage,increased rapidly at bud stage,and continued to increase at mature stage. From nutrient accumulation in flower and kernel, the demand of phosphorus and potassium of flower was higher than that of nitrogen. Safflower kernel had the highest phosphorus demand, followed by nitrogen and potassium. [Conclusion] The nutrient contents changed with the growth of C. tinctorius L. ,and the accumulation amounts were in the order of potassium〉nitrogen〉phosphorus. Dry flower and kernel yield had relationship with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulations. The demand of phosphorus and potassium was large in bud stage,and the demand of phosphorus and nitrogen was high at mature stage.