桃小食心虫成虫种群动态监测与防治指标

Population dynamics and economic threshold of peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii adults

为明确桃小食心虫Carposina sasakii Matsumura成虫的种群动态变化,2002—2014年在陕西省礼泉县当地具有代表性的苹果园中,采用性诱剂诱捕器对桃小食心虫成虫的种群动态进行系统监测,并于2010年和2011年的7—8月桃小食心虫成虫盛发期,系统调查了成虫发生量与苹果着卵量的关系,建立基于性诱剂监测的桃小食心虫成虫防治指标。结果显示,苹果园桃小食心虫成虫的种群动态、始见期和终见期在年度之间差异很大,每年主要集中在6—8月发生;桃小食心虫成虫每年出现多次无规律的高峰,但第1代成虫高峰期发生的早晚与越冬代成虫高峰期出现的早晚有密切联系,即越冬代成虫高峰期出现早,则第1代成虫高峰期出现也就相对较早,且越冬代成虫发生量明显多于第1代成虫。性诱剂诱捕的成虫与卵果率之间呈极显著的对数关系,当以卵果率1%或2%为防治指标时,性诱剂诱捕器诱蛾量为8.3头/诱捕器·日或30.0头/诱捕器·日。

In order to clarify the population dynamics of peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii adults, the representative orchards were selected in Liquan County, Shaanxi Province from 2002 to 2014, and the population dynamics of C. sasakii adults was systematically monitored with sex pheromone traps for 13 years, and the relationship between the amount of adults and the eggs of C. sasakii in apple fruits was investigated during the peak occurrence period of C. sasakii adults from July to August in 2010 and 2011.The economic threshold based on sex pheromone monitoring was identified. The results indicated that the population dynamics of C. sasakii adults, initial and final occurrence periods were significantly different among the years in apple orchards, and it mainly occurred from June to August of each year. In a year, irregular peaks of adults appeared many times, but the peak occurrence time of first-generation adults was strongly correlated with overwintering-generation adults peak period, indicating that the earlier the peak period of overwintering-generation adults appeared, the earlier the peak period of the first-generation adults. The number of trapped moths from the overwintering generation was significantly higher than that of the first generation. A significant logarithmic correlation was observed between the trapped amounts of adults based on sex pheromone traps and the rate of fruit infected with eggs. It is concluded that, when the control index of fruits with eggs reached 1% and 2%, the number of C. sasakii adults captured by sex pheromone traps was 8.3 and 30.0 per day, respectively.