挤压还是带动:开发区FDI外溢对无开发区城市经济的影响

Squeezing or Driving: Does State-level Economic and Technical Development Zones' FDI Spillover Influence Economic Growth of Cities without those Zones?

经济技术开发区是实施区域发展和利用FDI的重要载体。本文在理论分析开发区FDI外溢对无开发区的城市经济增长作用的基础上,利用2002—2015年我国260个无开发区地级城市和54个国家级开发区的数据,区分总体和分区域样本,分别实证检验开发区FDI外溢对无开发区城市经济增长的影响。研究发现:总体而言,开发区FDI外溢对无开发区城市经济增长具有阻碍作用,并且这一负面效果在分样本估计下依然很稳健。但是进一步研究发现,无开发区城市的人力资本水平、工业化水平和基础设施水平可以抑制开发区对自身经济增长的阻碍作用。因此,无开发区城市需要制定相应的政策来避免自身与开发区经济水平差距的拉大。

The Economic and Technical Development Zone(ETDZ) is an important engine for regional development and attracting FDI. Based on the theoretical analysis of FDI spillover effect of ETDZs on the economic growth of cities without ETDZs, this paper makes use of the data of 260 cities without ETDZs and 54 state-level ETDZs in China from 2002 to 2015, separating the total sample and regional samples, to demonstrate FDI spillover effect of ETDZs on the economic growth of cities without ETDZs. The research shows: in general, the FDI spillover of ETDZs has a negative effect on the economic growth of cities without ETDZs, and this negative effect is still robust under the estimation of the regional samples. However, according to further research, it can be found that the level of human capital, the level of industrialization and the level of infrastructure in the cities without ETDZs can inhibit the negative effect of the FDI spillover of ETDZs on its own economic growth. Therefore, cities without ETDZs need to make some corresponding policies to avoid the expanding of economic gap between themselves and ETDZs.