适宜性行政规制:生态规划适宜理念的借鉴

The Suitability of Administrative Regulation: Absorbing Suitability Concept of Ecological Planning

传统的行政规制以最优规制为导向,采用官僚(专家)决策模式;然而,最优规制是不可能的,官僚决策模式也缺乏正当性。在当今,为应对风险社会、信息社会和法治社会提出的挑战,需要借鉴生态规划的适宜理念,以适宜性规制为导向建立"去中心化"的决策模式。适宜性规制是专家理性和公众理性竞争的结果,也是对安全需要和社会经济发展审慎权衡的结果;而"去中心化"的决策模式则要求平等尊重各方参与者的观点和意见,并将它们置于正当程序之下理性审视,防止任何一方具有绝对的决策权,尤其要防止政府决策权的垄断和滥用。

The traditional administrative regulation is directed by optimal regulation and decided through bureaucrats(experts) decision-making mode. However, the optimal regulation is impossible, and bureaucrats decision-making mode lacks legitimacy. At present, in order to meet the challenges of risk society, information society and rule of law society, it is necessary to draw lessons from the suitability concept of ecological planning and establish a decentralized decision-making model, which is directed by suitability regulation. Suitability regulation is the result of rational competition between experts and public, and is a result of balance consideration between security needs and socio-economic development. Decentralized decision-making model requires equal respect for the views and opinions of all participants and rationally examines them under the due process, preventing any party-especially the government-from absolute decision-making power.