遗产认同:概念、内涵与研究路径

HERITAGE IDENTITY: CONCEPT CONNOTATION AND RESEARCH APPROACHES

本文从遗产产生、发展及其遗产本质属性特征的视角提出了遗产认同的概念,并从"遗产身份"和"遗产认同"两个角度解释了遗产认同的内涵,即前者强调遗产的客观属性,后者强调主体对遗产的认知。在此基础上,根据遗产与认同的四种交叉关系,作者提出了遗产认同相应的研究路径,即从时间视角的遗产化过程分析每个阶段的遗产认同;以尺度的视角从表征层面的空间身份和文化身份特征理解遗产认同;从非表征层面的遗产实践分析相关者如何通过具体行动表征和重构自己的身份认同。遗产认同概念的提出与研究不仅可能丰富新文化地理学的景观研究理论,也为遗产旅游地治理提供理论借鉴,未来还需对遗产认同与遗产保护利用关系做进一步探讨。

With the rapid development of heritage tourism, people pay much more attention to the economic value of heritage than the cultural, social and political values. However, according to the previous research,the reasons for plenty of conflicts in world heritage sites and much challenge in ＂living heritage＂ protection are not only the unfair distribution of heritage economic benefits but also the differences in stakeholders＇ values. For the heritage industrialization background, the importance of intangible heritage and the aggravated heritage dissonance, this paper tries to figure out one concept from the literature reviews of heritage researches, aiming to explain and solve the current conflict problems in heritage tourism destinations. Finally, the concept of ＂heritage identity＂ is proposed, which has two aspects of connotations here： identity and heritage;people＇s identity to heritage, both of which emphasize the role of human beings in heritage. However, in comparison, the ＂identity to heritage＂ aspect cares more about the actors＇ agency, which includes people＇s cognitive, emotion, values, and attitudes toward heritage. The ＂identity and heritage＂ aspect defines more about the heritage＇s objective identity, as the individual, family, local, national or world heritage name. Based on this, this paper refines two core research questions of heritage identity： Who defines the heritage, which is heritage, what is the relationship between heritage and the person who defines heritage？ How other persons perceive or value the above heritage, and then define their own heritage, through which, their own identities are expressed out. Above all, this concept proposal contributes to the landscape research in new cultural geography and provide the theoretical direction for heritage tourism destinations governance.