严寒地区超高层居住建筑烟囱效应的现场实测与分析

Field Measurement and Analysis of Chimney Effect of Super High-rise Residential Buildings in a Severe Cold Region

本文以严寒地区哈尔滨的3栋不同形式的超高层居住建筑为研究对象,对建筑门窗气密性和不同高度楼梯间门开启情况下的热压垂直分布进行现场实测,并提出1种压差和流量的无量纲化处理方法以进行分析。结果表明:门窗气密性实测结果均大于国内外标准;楼梯间门的开启对建筑热压作用的影响与建筑平面布局、楼梯间结构和门窗气密性有关;冷风侵入导致楼梯间和电梯前室温度明显降低,特别是在建筑底层。该实测结果可为后续模拟研究和进一步建设超高层建筑提供指导。

This paper,taking three different forms of super high-rise residential buildings in Harbin,a severe cold region,as examples,carries out field measurement of component airtightness and thermal pressure distribution with the height of opening doors rising. A kind of dimensionless method for pressure difference and air flowrate is put forward. The results show that the measured data of the component airtightness is greater than that conforming to current standards; the impacts of opening staircase doors on the stack effect are related to the plane of the buildings,as well as the structure of their staircase and the airtightness of windows or doors; due to the cold air infiltration,temperatures of the stairwell and the lobby is lowered,especially for the ground floor of the buildings.These results provide guidance for the following numerical simulation and further design of skyscrapers.