交通噪声对临街中学的影响调查与评价(二):对青少年的影响研究

Influence of Traffic Noise on Roadside Secondary Schools:the Survey and the Evaluation Ⅱ-on Adolescents

针对目前我国城市发展过程中,交通噪声污染日益凸显,致使临街中学的声污染愈加严重的问题,采用现场测量、调查问卷和模拟噪声限制的形式对不同道路等级附近中学的声环境和声舒适进行现场研究。4所中学的441名青少年参与了调查。结果发现:沿街面教室和背街面教室在窗户关闭、学生安静状态下噪声等效A声级(Leq)分别为49.8~59.6 d B(A)和45.0~54.8 d B(A)。青少年表示:道路交通、汽车鸣笛、操场活动声以及课堂上的同学间喋喋不休和桌椅的摩擦声是使他们烦恼的噪声,而交通噪声引起他们最大的烦恼反应。43%的青少年表示,噪声影响了他们课堂学习的效率;年龄稍大与成绩优秀的学生更容易受到噪声的负面影响。模拟噪声限制结果发现:在没有交通噪声、操场活动噪声以及课堂噪声的情况下,Leq最大减少分别为13.5 d B(A)、8.0 d B(A)和6.9 d B(A);这表明可以采取限制策略来改变学校的声环境和声舒适度。

To study the increasingly serious noise problems caused by urban traffic noise in Chinese cities which lead to more serious acoustics pollution of roadside secondary schools（ RSSs）,we selected the RSSs located in different road grades as the research object of the acoustics environment and acoustics comfort through field measuring,questionnaire survey and simulating noise restriction. 441 adolescents from four roadside secondary schools took part in the survey. The results indicated that the noise level range about the equivalent continuous Aweighted sound pressure level（ Leq） of the front-street classrooms and the back-street classrooms was 49. 8 ~ 59. 6 d B（ A） and 45. 0 ~ 54. 8 d B（ A） respectively when the windows were closed and the students were silent. All interviewees believed that road traffic,car horns and chatter in the classroom and scraping sounds from tables and chairs were the most annoying noises,especially traffic noise. 43% of respondents said that the noise had obstructed their learning achievement. The adolescents with both older age and higher grades were more at risk of the negative effects of poor school acoustics. Results of restrictions to improve environmental conditions found that,in absence of road traffic noise,playground noise and chatters in classroom,the maximum reductions Leqwere13. 5,8. 0 and 6. 9 d B（ A）. Furthermore,it indicated that urban planners can use various strategies to change school noise composition in order to achieve a quieter environment for schools.