国外一流私立大学发展的多元模式研究——基于对美国、韩国、土耳其和拉美经验的考察

On the Pluralism of the Development Patterns of First-Class Private Universities:Based on the Experience of the United States,South Korea,Turkey and Latin America

在我国建设一流民办大学的愿景中,美国经验成为主要参照,而其他国家或地区的经验在一定程度上被低估或忽视。世界一流私立大学模式呈现多元化样态,从办学历史、治理模式和政府角色三个维度去考察,其中"先发—自然成熟"的美国模式、"先发—政府指导"的韩国模式、"后发—基金会主导"的土耳其模式和"异质—政府放任"的拉美模式具有典型性。中国一流民办大学建设需要立足本土,兼收并蓄各国各地有益经验,为现有民办大学的转型和未来新设民办大学的发展提供妥善的政策支持。

In China＇s vision of building first-rate private/minban universities,the United States experience has become the main reference while the experiences of othercountries or regions have been underestimated or neglected to some extent. The three-di-mensional analysis of university history,internal governance model and government role re-veals that the development patterns of world-class private universities are of diversity. TheU.S. pattern of＂preemptive-and-natural-maturity＂,the South Korean pattern of＂preemp-tive-and-government-directed＂,the Turkish pattern of＂young-and-foundation-led＂,andthe Latin American pattern of＂heterogeneity-and-government-laissez-faire＂are typicalamong them. The construction of China＇s first-rate private/minban universities needs to bebased on the local experience,and it must also incorporate the useful experience of different countries and regions;providing proper policy support for the transformation of existingprivate universities and the development of new private universities in the future is a must.