论程颢仁学视域下的“万物一体”

Study on Cheng Hao's Theory of “all in one” under the Perspective of Benevolence(Ren)

本文主要从历史演进的视野考察程颢仁学视域下的"万物一体"论及其贡献。早在先秦儒学、尤其是孟子那里就表现出"万物一体"的思想倾向。到了北宋,张载明确提出了"民吾同胞,物吾与也"的说法。相较于孟子,张载"民胞物与"的思想境界实际上是基于天人一气的气本论,这就突破了孟子的视域,为儒家"万物一体"的价值取向建构了本体论的依据。程颢在吸收往圣先贤、主要是孟子及张载"万物一体"思想的基础上,不仅明确提出了"万物一体"的说法,而且还立足于仁学的视野,分别从本体、工夫、境界三个方面系统而逻辑地展开了其"万物一体"说。

From the perspective of historical evolution, this paper investigates Cheng Hao＇s theory of＂all in one body＂under the perspective of benevolence（Ren） and its contribution. As early as in the pre-Qin period, the Confucianism, especially Mencius, showed the ideological tendency of＂unity of all things＂. As he said, ＂everything is prepared for me＂and＂the up and down is similar to that of heaven and earth＂. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Zai explicitly put forward the statement of＂people are my brothers and all things are my friends＂. Compared with Mencius, Zhang Zai＇s concept of＂people are my brothers and all things are my friends＂is actually based on the ontology of qi of tian ren yi qi（Heaven and people are in one breath）, which broke through the vision of Mencius and constructed the ontology for the value orientation of the Confucian＂unity of all things＂. On the basis of absorbing the precedent thoughts, mainly Mencius and Zhangzai＇s idea of＂unity of all things＂, Cheng Hao not only clearly put forward the notion of＂all in one＂, but also illustrated it systematically and logically under the perspective of the benevolence（Ren） from the following three aspects： ontology, gongfu and realm.