兰州市沙尘颗粒物污染与儿童呼吸系统疾病日门诊人次的关联性研究

Research on Correlation between Particulate Pollution and Daily Respiratory Diseases Outpatient Visits of Children During Sand Dust Weather in Lanzhou

目的探讨兰州市沙尘天气颗粒物污染对儿童呼吸系统健康的影响。方法收集2015-2016年沙尘天气高发期(3~5月)兰州市儿童呼吸系统疾病门诊逐日资料和同期气象环境资料,采用分布滞后非线性模型(distributed lag non-linear model,DLNM)分析沙尘天气PM10和PM2.5浓度与儿童呼吸系统疾病日门诊人次的暴露-反应关系,并按年龄层建立模型。结果 2015-2016年3~5月,与非沙尘天气比较,沙尘天气日均相对湿度明显下降,PM10、PM2.5日均浓度显著上升(P<0.05);SO_2和NO_2的日均浓度,日均气温,日均风速比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。沙尘天气PM10和PM2.5浓度上升与儿童呼吸系统疾病门诊人次的增加相关,呈滞后效应,滞后期2周,且PM2.5效应大于PM10效应。沙尘天气PM10累计效应在儿童全体、0~5岁、6~14岁儿童均以滞后0-14d最大,RR(95CI%)值分别是1.0055(1.001~1.0102)、1.0061(1.0012~1.0109)、1.0055(0.9967~1.0143)。PM2.5效应在儿童全体和0~5岁儿童均以滞后0-14d最大,RR(95CI%)值分别是1.0182(1.0037~1.033)、1.0210(1.0059~1.0364),6~14岁儿童滞后当天效应最大,RR(95CI%)值是1.0113(1.0007~1.0221)。结论兰州市沙尘天气颗粒物污染可增加儿童呼吸系统疾病门诊人次,呈滞后效应,0~5岁儿童是敏感人群。

Abstract： To discuss the effect of particulate pollution on respiratory system health of children during sand dust weather in Lanzhou, the data of daily respiratory diseases outpatient visits of children was collected from March 1st to May 31st during 2015 to 2016 in the city, and the meteorological and environmental data at the same period was integrated. The distributed lag non-linear model was used to analyze the exposure-effect relationship between PM10, PM2.5 and daily respiratory diseases outpatient visits. At the same time, the model was established based on the age groups. The results showed that the relative humidity was decreased significantly, and the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 was increased during sand dust weather in compared with the non-dust days in the past two years; however, there were no significant difference in the concentration of SO2 and NO2, daily average temperature and wind speed in the two different weathers. The results also displayed that the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were associated with the increased risk of daily respiratory diseases outpatient visits of children during sand dust weather, and there were lag effects with two weeks. The PM2.5 effect was stronger than that of the PM10 effect during the whole lag period. The accumulative effects of PM10 were highest at lag 0-14 days for total children, children aged 0-5years and 6-14years, and the values of RR （95%CI） were 1.0055（1.001-1.0102）, 1.0061（1.0012-1.0109） and 1.0055（0.9967-1.0143）, respectively. The accumulative effects of PM2.5 were highest at lag 0-14 days for total children and children aged 0-5years, and the values of RR （95%CI） were 1.0182（1.0037-1.033） and 1.0210（1.0059-1.0364）, respectively; while the effect was highest at lag 0 days for children aged 6-14years, and the values of RR （95%CI） was 1.0113（1.0007-1.0221）. We conclude that the particulate pollution has correlation with the daily respiratory diseases outpatient visits of children with the lag effect during sand dust weather in Lanzhou, and children aged 0-5years were the sensitive population.