中学生校园暴力中施暴行为及影响因素分析

Prevalence and impact factors of school violent perpetrator behaviors among middle school students

目的探索中学生校园暴力中施暴的相关因素。方法采用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)、流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)、Buss&Perry攻击量表、冲动量表以及自行编制的相关问题对某市1 200名中学生进行问卷调查,运用logistic回归分析探究中学生校园暴力中施暴及其影响因素。结果调查人群中施暴者所占比例为11.1%,其中男生高于女生(16.3%vs 6.9%,P<0.001);初三年级相对于其他年级施暴者的检出率高(21.0%vs 12.7%、9.0%、8.6%,P=0.001),仅与父母一方同住者较与父母双方同住的青少年施暴检出率高(20.5%vs 10.4%,P=0.007);男生(OR=2.042,P=0.002),初二(OR=0.452,P=0.047),初三(OR=1.961,P=0.046)仅与父母一方同住(OR=2.352,P=0.014),不能及时退出不良页面(OR=1.843,P=0.035),偏爱虚拟世界(经常:OR=2.374,P=0.016;总是:OR=4.432,P=0.003),赞同拳头义气的观点(OR=3.004,P<0.001),攻击性(OR=1.682,P=0.042)及焦虑感(OR=1.909,P=0.007)与中学生实施校园暴力有显著关联。结论男生、仅与父母一方同住、不能及时退出不良页面、赞同拳头义气的观点、偏爱虚拟世界、焦虑感和攻击性以及低年级与中学生施暴相关联。社会、学校、家庭应关注中学生施暴行为及其相关因素。

Objective To examine related factors of school violent perpetrator behaviors in middle school students.Methods Totally 1 200 students were selected with stratified cluster sampling in one junior and one senior high school in a city of Shandong province and were asked to complete the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale（SAS）, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale（CES-D）, Buss and Perry Aggression Scale, Impulsiveness Scale and a self-designed questionnaire anonymously in November 2016. Logistic regression model analysis was adopted in data analysis. Results Of the 1 094 students with valid response, 11.1% reported behaviors of being a perpetrator of campus violence; more boy students than the girl students reported the behaviors（16.3% vs. 6.9%, P〈0.001）; more junior students of third grade reported the behaviors than the junior students of first and second grade and the senior students of first grade（21.0% vs.12.7%, 9.0%, 8.6 %, P =0.001）; more students of living only with their father or mother reported the behaviors than the students living with both of their parents（20.5% vs. 10.4%, P = 0.007）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed following significant factors of perpetrator behaviors of the students： male gender（odds ratio [OR]= 2.042, P = 0.002）, being a third grade junior student（versus a student of first grade： OR = 0.452, P = 0.047; versus second grade： OR = 1.961, P = 0.046）, living with only father or mother（OR = 2.352, P = 0.014）, unable to timely exit from web pages with illegal and harmful information when surfing internet（OR = 1.843, P = 0.035）, with a preference for virtual world（often vs. never： OR = 2.374, P = 0.016; always vs.never： OR = 4.432, P = 0.003）, having a positive attitude towards violence-based personal loyalty（OR = 3.004, P〈0.001）,aggression tendency（OR = 1.682, P = 0.042）, and anxiety（OR = 1.909, P = 0.007）. Conclusion Male gender, living with one of their parents, unable to timely exit from web pages with illegal and harmful information when surfing internet, having a positive attitude towards violence-based personal loyalty, preference for virtual world, anxiety, aggression, and grade of schooling are major impact factors for perpetrator behaviors of campus violence among middle school students.