抚顺市2014—2017年儿童预防接种率分析

Immunization coverage rate among children in Fushun city of Liaoning province, 2014–2017

目的探讨利用儿童预防接种信息管理系统(CIIMS)统计接种率的可行性。方法评价2014—2017年辽宁省抚顺市CIIMS数据上传质量,通过CIIMS统计儿童年龄1~2岁组的扩大免疫规划疫苗接种率,与按容量比例概率抽样法(PPS)接种率调查结果和常规免疫报告接种率进行对比分析。结果 2014—2017年抚顺市接种单位儿童信息化客户端实施率为100%,2017年5 d内及时上传率达到100%,5 d内及时接种率达到95%,5 d内及时备份率达到100%。CIIMS和PPS接种率比较,13剂次疫苗中,有9剂次[乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(Hep B3)第3剂次、脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)疫苗(OPV/IPV1、2、3)第1、2、3剂次、百日咳–白喉–破伤风联合疫苗(DPT1、2、3)第1、2、3剂次、含麻疹成分疫苗(MV1、2)第1、2剂次)]接种率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),占69.23%;4剂次[卡介苗(BCG)1剂次、乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(Hep B1、2)第1、2剂次、甲肝疫苗(Hep A)1剂次)]接种率的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),占30.77%。CIIMS和常规报表接种率比较,13剂次疫苗接种率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论抚顺市利用儿童预防接种信息管理系统(CIIMS)数据获取便捷、结果相对准确,在定期系统维护的前提下可以直接统计疫苗接种率。

Objective To explore the feasibility of assessing immunization coverage rate among children based on the data from Children Immunization Information Management System（CIIMS）. Methods First we searched CIIMS for vaccination records of 21 218 children aged 1 – 2 years（born between October 1 st 2014 and September 30 th 2017） in Fushun city; then we conducted a household survey on inoculation status among 640 children at ages of 1 – 2 years selected with probability proportional to size（PPS） sampling from 8 counties or districts of the city. We analyzed and compared the data collected from both the CIIMS and the sampling survey. Conventional reports on planned immunization among the children during the period were also collected and analyzed. Results For all the designated medical institutions conducting planned immunization vaccinations of the children in the city, the CIIMS application rate was 100% during the period from 2014 to2017; the rate of uploading and backing up vaccination records within 5 days after completing vaccination services was 100%and the reported timely vaccination rate（within 5 days of prescribed time limit） was 95% in 2017. Comparisons between the results from the statistics of CIIMS and the sampling survey showed that there were significant differences in coverage rates of 9 doses（69.23%, including the 3 rd dose of hepatitis B vaccine, 1 st/2 nd/3 rd doses of inactivated polio vaccine/oral polio vaccine and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus, and 1 st/2 nd doses of measles containing vaccine） out of the 13 doses of planned immunization vaccines（all P〈0.05）. In addition, statistically significant differences were observed between the conventional reports and the statistics of CIIMS in the coverage rates of all the 13 doses（P〈0.05 fro all）. Conclusion In Fushun city, the Children Immunization Information Management System, provided under regular maintenance, could be utilized to acquire timely and accurate data on planned immunization among children and to calculate the inoculation rate directly.