共产国际与中共土地革命时期的富农政策

The Communist International and the CPC's Policies for Rich Peasants during the Agrarian Revolution

怎样对待富农,是中共土地革命路线的一个重要问题。中共六大通过的中立富农策略,既是在共产国际指导下制订的,也是瞿秋白等中国共产党人坚持的结果。1929年共产国际《六月来信》照搬苏联消灭富农和反右倾的做法,强制中共执行反对富农路线,后又提出"富农分坏田"等从经济上消灭富农的政策,严重脱离中国革命实际,给中国革命造成严重损失。面对困难和挫折,以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党领导人,在执行共产国际指示的同时,不断探索符合本国实际的富农政策。共产国际七大之后改变了过分集中的领导方式,毛泽东等中国共产党人将马克思主义基本原理同中国土地革命具体实际相结合,正确解决了富农问题,保证了土地革命胜利,促进了抗日民族统一战线形成。

How to treat rich peasants is an important issue of the CPC's Agrarian Revolutionary line. In 1929, the Communist International "June Letter" copied the Soviet Union's practice of elimi-nating the rich peasants and anti-rightist, and forced the CPC to implement the anti-rich peasantline. Later, it proposed that the "rich peasants get the bad land" and other policies to eliminate therich peasants economically, which seriously deviated from the reality of the Chinese revolution andcaused severe damage to the revolution. Facing difficulties and setbacks, the leaders of the CPC, rep-resented by Mao Zedong, continued to explore the policies for rich peasants in line with Chineseown realities while implementing the directives of the Communist International. After the SeventhWorld Congress, the Communist International changed the over-concentrated leadership style. Mao Ze-dong and other Chinese communists combined the Marxist principles with the concrete reality of theChinese Agrarian Revolution, correctly solved the problem of rich peasants, ensured the victory of the Agrarian Revolution, and promoted the formation of Chinese united front against Japanese aggression.