乾隆南巡与“江浙二老”交游的政治文化意蕴

The Political and Cultural Implication of Qianlong's Intercourse with "the Two Old Men from Jiangsu and Zhejiang" during Qianlong's Southern Tours

清高宗乾隆前四次南巡期间,通过赏赐品衔、食俸、匾额与赐诗、俯和等方式对"江浙二老"沈德潜、钱陈群示恩尤隆。这一特定时空背景下发生的君臣遇合佳话颇具典型意义。一方面,乾隆的示恩出于帝王文治需要的主动选择,建立在作为对象的二老具备江南之地域、士人、耆老等多重符号意义的基础上。另一方面,江南缙绅领袖沈、钱也利用乾隆南巡契机确认与巩固已拥有的文化权力。后两次南巡,乾隆对沈氏态度逆转,对"二老"区别看待,剥去了君臣友谊的温和外衣,显示了皇帝示恩的强烈目的性,即帝王通过赏罚并举、恩威兼施的策略,控制江南这个思想活跃、人才辈出的区域。

During the first four southern tours, Emperor Qianlong gave Shen Deqian and Qian Chenqun, the two old men from Jiangsu and Zhejiang, special grace through reward rank, salary,plaques, poetry, etc. The story that happened between the emperor and ministers in the specific background had the typical significance. However, during the last two Qianlong's southern tours, Emperor Qianlong changed his attitude towards Shen Deqian. It revealed a strong purpose of emperor's grace.