晚清时期日本与华条约关系的基本特点

The Basic Characteristics of Treaty Relations between Japan and China in Late Qing Dynasty

第二次鸦片战争后,日本与中国建立条约关系,典型地反映了西方资本主义国际关系的本质。以武力侵略为核心的"大陆政策"是其最基本的特点。这一关系经历了从平等到不平等的变化,其内在因素,既是"大陆政策"的必然要求,又是幕府时期国际关系秩序转换的深刻反映,还是日本将崇尚武力和自我中心的传统与西方强权政治结合起来的体现。在接受国际法理论的同时,日本奉行武力至上,又以国际法为弁髦,与其进步理论和规则背道而驰,具有显著的两面性。日本将自己摆在优越于其他国家的特殊地位,显示更为贪婪的本性。日本与华条约关系虽然建立较晚,但最险恶,危害最大,开启了晚清中外条约关系的新阶段。

After the Opium War Ⅱ, Japan established treaty relations with China, which typically reflected the nature of the international relations of Western capitalism. "The continental policy" withmilitary aggression as its core was its most basic characteristic. This relationship had experienced thechange from equality to inequality, and its internal factors were not only the inevitable requirementsof "the continental policy", but also the profound reflection of the transformation of the internationalrelations order in the Shogunate period, which was the embodiment of Japan's tradition of advocatingforce and self-centeredness and western power politics. Japan also showed a more greedy nature byplacing itself in a special status of superiority over other countries. Although the treaty relations be-tween Japan and China were established late, they were the most dangerous and harmful, which opened a new stage of Sino-foreign treaty relations in the late Qing Dynasty.