新闻事实判断标准在后真相语境中的矛盾与张力

The Contradiction and Tension about the Judgment Standard for News Fact in the Context of Post-Truth

事实的发展经历了三个重要阶段,分别是经典事实时期、传统媒体事实时期和网络化事实时期。在后真相语境下,新闻事实的判断标准发生了新变化,新闻报道的矛盾对新闻的专业化生产造成了冲击,主要表现为,应该提供故事的人在大量生产评论,应该发表评论的人在大量制造故事,应该挖掘真相的人在大量传播和消费情绪,新闻正在成为一个模糊的概念。公众个体间的互动又为新闻事实的选择和报道提供了张力,不同媒介技术条件下人们的交互性呈现不同的强弱程度,口头传播时期为面对面人际交流互动,大众传播时期为单渠道缺少互动的信息传递,移动互联网时期则表现为多渠道双向紧密互动。互动性在口头传播时期与移动互联网时期有着相似表征,成为当前信息传播过程中的"混乱"状态的一个影响因素。重新打造知识权威,打造关于真相和事实的标准,需要媒体人和公众的共同努力。

The development of fact has experienced three important stages： classic period and network fact period. In the context of post-truth, great changes have tak of news fact. The contradiction of news report has made an impact on the specialized fact period, traditional media fact en place in the judgment standard production of news. For example, the person who should provide a news story is producing commentaries in large quantities, whereas the person who ought to make commentaries is making lots of stories. In the meantime, the person who ought to dig the truth is communicating and consuming the sentiment of the public. News is becoming a fuzzy concept. Interaction between public and the individual provides tension for the choice of news fact and news report, while public interactive presents a scale fluctuating between strong and weak which is contingent on media technology. Oral transmission relied on face to face human interaction; mass communication lacked interaction because of single information communication channel; Internet plus mobile period is characterized by multi-channel close mutual interaction. There exists similarity between the oral and the Internet stage, which become a factor leading to the current state of＂chaos＂ in the process of information transmission. So, it requires the media and the public to work together to re-establish the authority of knowledge and create standards for truth and facts.