新时代马克思主义经济人类学发展探析

Analysis of the Development of Marxist Economic Anthropology in the New Era

马克思主义经济人类学以人类的生产实践、经济活动和社会关系以及它们之间形成的矛盾运动为研究热点,以人类社会形态与经济制度的历史演变、基本规律、内在逻辑为重点。它的理论支撑既有在扬弃黑格尔辩证法、费尔巴哈唯物主义、摩尔根人类学等基础上分析人类社会经济形态演化过程的马克思的历史唯物主义,又有以怀特、哈里斯等为代表的文化唯物主义人类学。这些对经济人类学在问题意识、研究方法及研究对象上具有启发作用和指导意义,当前可资借鉴的西方经济人类学发展新趋势包括世界发展的不平衡性、"发展"的范式以及非规则经济等。有鉴于此,新时代的研究者必须以马克思主义为指引,用更广泛的视野和更科学的方法来考察人类的行为及其经济逻辑,为解决人民日益增长的美好生活需要与不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾进行积极探索和实践。

Marxist economic anthropology takes human production practices, economic activities and social relations and the contradictory movements formed between them as the hot research topics, with a focus on the historical evolution, basic laws and internal logic of the forms of human society and economic systems. Its theoretical foundation not only includes historical materialism that analyzes the evolution of economic forms of human society on the basis of Hegel’s dialectics, Feuerbach’s materialism, and Morgan’s anthropology, but also the cultural materialist anthropology represented by White, Harris and other academics. These have inspiring and guiding significance for economic anthropology in terms of problem awareness, research methods and research objects. The new development trends in the Western economic anthropology that we can learn from include the imbalance of world development, the ＂development＂ pattern and irregular economy. For this, researchers in the new era must use Marxism as the guide to examining human behaviors and economic logic with a broader perspective and a more scientific approach, in order to solve the contradiction between people’s growing needs for a better life and imbalanced and insufficient development.