外泌体在肿瘤侵袭转移中作用的研究进展

Progress of Exosomes in Tumor Metastases

外泌体(exosome)是多种细胞分泌的一种40~100 nm的由磷脂双层膜包裹的微囊体,其组成主要包括脂质体、蛋白质、DNA及mi RNA等。研究表明外泌体通过携带生物活性物质参与了机体许多重要的生理及病理过程,尤其是在肿瘤的侵袭及转移方面。外泌体主要通过诱导肿瘤转移的启动、促进肿瘤血管生成、参与肿瘤转移前微环境形成及肿瘤微环境的免疫调控等途径,在肿瘤侵袭转移中发挥重要作用。

Exosome, a kind of 40~100 nm particle enclosed by a phospholipid bilayer, is released by various types of cells. Exosome is composed of liposomes, proteins, DNA, mi RNA and so on. A number of studies have revealed that exosomes are involved in many important physiological and pathological processes especially in the metastasis of tumors by carrying biomolecules. Exosomes play an important role in the metastasis of tumors via initiating the metastasis of tumors, promoting tumor angiogenesis, participating in the regulation of tumor premetastatic microenvironment and the immune regulation of tumor microenvironment.