皖西地区某三甲医院住院患者营养支持现状调查

Investigation on the status of nutritional support in hospitalized patients of a top three hospital in West of Anhui province

【目的】调查皖西地区某三甲医院住院患者营养支持情况,为进一步规范医院营养支持在临床合理使用提供参考。【方法】采用欧洲通用的"营养日"调查问卷,使用横断面研究法,收集2017年4月28日住院患者基本信息、饮食及次日情况,通过营养风险筛查表计算出评分,以此为依据评定住院患者营养风险。【结果】本次研究调查218例,经筛选共有207例患者的问卷结果纳入本研究数据,其中38.6%患者存在营养风险,其危险因素为营养不良(体质指数≤18.5 kg/m2,t=4.848,P<0.0001,3个月内体质量下降超过5%,χ2=134.5,P<0.0001);有营养风险的患者认为输液对其饮食、行为及睡眠等影响明显(P=0.0001);70.5%的患者接受以肠外营养为主(68.1%)的营养支持治疗;28.8%的存在营养风险的患者未实施营养支持;70.1%无营养风险的患者中实施了营养支持治疗。【结论】对住院患者进行定期的营养风险筛查、评定与干预是合理进行营养支持治疗的关键,同时应加强对患者及医护人员进行营养支持治疗宣教。

【Objective】To investigate the nutritional support of hospitalized patients in a third-grade class-A hospital in western Anhui province and provide references for further standardizing the rational use of the hospital nutritional support in clinical practice.【Methods】Via the European Nutrition Day questionnaire, a cross-sectional study method was used to collect the basic information, diet and the next day data of hospitalized patients on April 28, 2017, and the score was calculated by the nutrition risk screening table to assess the nutritional risk of hospitalized patients.【Results】A total of 207 patients were included in the study. There were 38.6% of the patients at nutritional risk. The risk factor was malnutrition（body mass index ≤18.5 kg/m2, t = 4.848, P〈0.0001; the body mass decreased more than 5% within 3 months, χ2=134.5, P0.0001）. Patients at risk of nutrition considered that the effects of infusion on diet, behavior and sleep were obvious（P=0.0001）. There were 70.5% of the patients undergoing parenteral nutrition（68.1%）; 28.8% of the patients at risk of nutrition were not supported by nutrition; 70.1% of the patients without nutritional risk were treated with nutritional support.【Conclusion】Regular nutrition risk screening, assessment and intervention on inpatients are the key to a reasonable nutritional support treatment. At the same time, education on nutritional support treatment for patients and medical staff should be strengthened.