我国侦查取证环节存在的主要问题及对策

On Major Problems and Strategies of Evidence Collection in China's Investigation Procedure

侦查取证是侦查机关及侦查人员在办理刑事案件过程中发现、收集、固定和提取刑事证据的行为,是刑事诉讼过程中一个至关重要的环节。目前侦查取证环节存在的主要问题是:辅警职责权限不明、缺乏专业的电子取证人员、现场勘查质量不佳、"口供中心主义"依然存在、缺乏完备的实物证据搜集程序。这些问题在一定程度上影响了刑事诉讼活动的顺利进行,甚至导致了冤假错案的发生。研究侦查取证环节存在的问题,在此基础上践行"审判中心主义"、提高电子取证能力、提升现场勘查专业水平、掌握必要的审讯技巧、加强取证监督机制建设,这将有利于提高侦查机关的取证能力和水平,提高工作效率,维护司法的公正性。

Evidence collection in investigation procedure is a crucial part during criminal lawsuit, referring to the acts of investigation organs and investigators to discover, collect, fix and extract the criminal evidence in the process of handling criminal cases. At present, there are some major problems concerning evidence collection in investigation, such as inaccurate responsibilities of auxiliary police officers, the lack of electronic forensic experts, the poor quality of crime scene investigation, the existence of ＂confession-centered principle＂ and the lack of complete procedure of physical evidence collection. These problems have hindered the smooth progress of criminal lawsuit to some extent, even brought about misjudged cases. In order to enhance the evidence collection capacity of investigation organs, improve the efficiency of evidence collection and maintain judicial justice, investigators should practice ＂trial-centered principle＂ on the basis of the study of the existing problems, enhance the capacity of electronic evidence collection, improve the proficiency of crime scene investigation, master necessary interrogation techniques and strengthen the construction of supervision mechanism in evidence collection.