新疆核和辐射卫生应急能力现状分析

Analysis of the current response ability for nuclear and radiation health emergency in Xinjiang

目的掌握和分析新疆核和辐射事故卫生应急能力现状,为我区地市级核和辐射事故卫生应急能力的建设和完善提供依据。方法采用填写调查表,信息平台信息填报的形式,收集调查单位的核和辐射基本信息、组织机构、专业人员、物资装备、卫生应急能力及培训与演练6个方面信息,调查表和信息平台填报人员经过统一培训。结果核和辐射应急预案的制定率依次为北疆、东疆和南疆,分别为90.48%、50.00%和46.67%。北疆、南疆和东疆调查单位中拥有应急设备依次为16.57、11.20和3.50台/单位,平均为12.79台/单位。核和辐射事故卫生应急救援队伍中,医疗救治人员占60.87%,去污人员仅占9.57%,南疆缺乏人员去污和剂量估算技能的人员;综合救治能力,北、南和东疆依次为15.48%,10.00%和6.25%。核和辐射事故卫生应急专家咨询队伍中,医疗救援人员占50.00%,去污人员仅占5.00%;综合技能率20.00至40.00%。2014至2016年,南疆和北疆核和辐射卫生应急合计培训和演练各6次,培训1098人次,参与演练132人。结论新疆大部分地区的核和辐射应急能力均存在不足且有疆域差异。3个疆域的核和辐射事故卫生应急体系和制度要尽快完善,配置相应应急设施和设备,45岁以下核和辐射卫生应急人员需要加强培训和演练。

Objective To acquaintance and analyze the current response ability for nuelear and radiation heahh emergency in Xinjiang, and to provide the basis for improving the ability construction in municipal level. Methods By filling out the questionnaire in the information platform, information about the basic information of nuclear and radiation, organization, pro- fessional personnel, material and equipment, heahh emergency ability, training and drilling are collected. All of the investiga- tors were trained before using the information platform. Results The emergency plans were developed in 90.48% , 50% and 46.67% of the north, east and south regions, respeelively. In the northern, southern and eastern Xinjiang, the units of emer- gency equipment were 16.57, 11.20 and 3.50 per institute, with an average of 12.79. In the rescue learns, medical staff ae- counted fnr up to 60.87% , while the decontamination staff was only 9.57%. In the south, they lacked of staff with the skills of deenntamination and dose estimation. As for the comprehensive ability, the levels in the north, south and east were 15. 48% , 10% and 6.25% , respectively. In the eonsuhation team, the medical experts accounted for 50.00% , while the decon- tamination experts were only 5.00% , and the rate of comprehensive skills ranged from 20.00% to 40.00% among the ex- perts. From 2014 In 2016, six times of training and drilling were performed in the south or north of Xinjiang, 1098 people were trained and 132 people participated in the drilling. Conclusion The response ability for nuclear and radiation heahh e- mergency is still inadequate in most regions of Xinjiang, and it exists a regional difference. In the tutare, the heahh emergency response system and institution should be established tot dealing with nuclear and radiological accidents in the 3 regions, and the corresponding taeilities and equipment shouhl be equipped. Among the heahh emergeney response team, training and drill- ing should be enhanced fur those under 45.