上海市X射线影像诊断成年受检者防护用品使用现状及分析

Status and analysis of the use of radiation protective appliance in diagnostic X-ray examinations among adults in Shanghai

目的了解上海市X射线影像诊断成年受检者防护用品使用现状,为开展受检者医疗照射防护工作提供依据。方法在全市分层随机抽取了18家三级医院、36家二级医院、56家一级医院,采取现场方便抽样方法对2933名受检者进行了问卷调查。采用卡方检验、多因素logistic回归分析等方法进行统计分析。结果上海市X射线影像诊断成年受检者放射防护用品使用率为52.7%,主要使用的防护用品类型为铅橡胶围裙(45.5%)和铅橡胶颈套(30.3%)。调查发现二级医院防护用品使用率(62.5%)高于三级医院(54.4%)和一级医院(35.9%),且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而X-CT扫描检查和常规X射线摄影检查受检者防护用品使用率差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论上海市X射线影像诊断成年受检者放射防护用品使用率依然有较大提升空间,应加强社区和放射诊疗机构的放射卫生防护知识的宣教力度,提高受检者在接受检查时的自我辐射防护意识,促进放射工作人员主动落实受检者放射卫生防护的相关要求。

Objective To acquaintance the using status of radiation protective appliance in diagnostic X - ray examinations among adults in Shanghai, and provide guidance for further efforts of medical radiation protection for the public. Methods A total of 2933 examinees from 18 tertiary hospitals, 36 secondary hospitals and 56 first - class hospitals in Shanghai were select- ed by the convenient sampling method, and they were asked to complete the questionnaire survey in the help of the investiga- tors. The ehi square test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results The utilization rate of radi- ation protective appliance in diagnostic X - ray examinations among the adults in Shanghai was 52.7%. The main type of pro- tective appliance was the lead apron （45. 5% ） and lead collar （30. 3% ）. The utilization rate in secondary hospitals （ 62.5% ） was higher than that in tertiary hospitals （54.4%） or primary hospitals （ 35.9% ） , and the differences were statis- tically significant （ P 〈 0.05）, while there was no significant difference in the utilization rate of protective appliance between the X - CT scans and the conventional X - ray examinations （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusion The utilization rate of radiation protec- tive appliance in diagnostic X - ray image examinations among adults in Shanghai still has a large room for improvement. The radiation protection propaganda and education in the community and hospitals should be strengthened to improve the self con- sciousness of the patients, and to promote the initiative of radiation workers to implement radiation health protection require- ments of the examinees.