田间鉴定结合分子标记筛选葡萄抗白粉病材料

Screening of Grape Powdery Mildew Resistant Materials by Field Natural Identification Combined With Molecular Markers

为明确葡萄白粉病田间鉴定适宜条件,并筛选有效的葡萄抗白粉病分子标记探针,选取8个栽培葡萄品种(秋红宝、早黑宝、晚黑宝、无核翠宝、丽红宝、晶红宝、夏黑、克瑞森无核)与2个野生葡萄品种(北冰红和河津-1)为试材,设置不同温度梯度(4、20、24、28、32、36℃),采用针刺注射法对葡萄叶片进行白粉病菌人工活体侵染,琼脂玻片法对白粉病菌孢子进行萌发培养,观测其萌发及侵染动态,并将田间自然鉴定和苗期分子标记(葡萄抗白粉病RAPD标记OPW02-1756、SCAR标记SCO11-914)辅助选择技术相结合,对10个葡萄品种进行白粉病抗性鉴定分级及比对分析。结果表明,葡萄白粉病菌孢子萌发的较适宜温度为32℃;在各参试葡萄品种中,北冰红和河津-1为高抗品种(HR),秋红宝和晚黑宝为高感品种(HS),其他为中抗品种(MR);葡萄抗白粉病RAPD标记OPW02-1756适用于秋红宝、早黑宝、晚黑宝、晶红宝、丽红宝、无核翠宝、夏黑、克瑞森无核和河津-1的抗白粉病检测,不适用于北冰红;葡萄抗白粉病SCAR标记SCO11-914适用于北冰红和河津-1的抗白粉病检测,不适用于秋红宝、早黑宝、晚黑宝、晶红宝、丽红宝、无核翠宝、夏黑、克瑞森无核;而二者均适用于检测河津-1。本研究结果为葡萄抗白粉病育种和杂种鉴定提供了一定的材料基础和理论依据。

To confirm the suitable conditions for field identification of the grape powdery mildew,and screen effective molecular marker probe for powdery mildew resistance in grape,8 cultivated grape varieties（Zaoheibao,Qiuhong Bao,Wanheibao,Jinghongbao,Wuhe Cuibao,Lihongbao,Summer Black,Crimson Seedless） and 2 wild grape varieties（Hejin-1 and Beibinghong） were selected as study materials. By setting different temperature gradient（4,20,24,28,32,36℃）,the grape leaves were infected by artificial living body of powdery mildew fungus. The agar glass slide method was used to germinate and culture the spores of powdery mildew fungus. And then the germination and infection dynamics were observed. Field natural identification and seedling stage molecular markers（grape powdery mildew resistant RAPD marker OPW02-1756,SCAR marker SCO11-914） were combined to classify and compare the resistance among the 10 grape varieties. The results showed that the optimum temperature of grape powdery mildew spore germination was 32℃. Beibinghong and Hejin-1 were highly resistant varieties（HR）. Qiuhongbao and Wanheibao were part of the high sensitive varieties（HS）. The others were medium resistant varieties（MR）. Moreover,grape powdery mildew resistant RAPD markers OPW02-1756 was applicable for the detection of powdery mildew resistance on Qiuhongbao,Zaoheibao,Wanheibao,Jinghongbao,Lihongbao,Wuhe Cuibao,Summer Black,Crimson Seedless and Hejin-1 but inapplicable for Beibinghong. As for grape powdery mildew resistant SCAR markers SCO11-914,it was applicable for the detection of powdery mildew resistance on Beibinghong and Hejin-1, but inapplicable for Qiuhongbao,Zaoheibao,Wanheibao,Jinghongbao,Lihongbao,Wuhe Cuibao,Summer Black and Crimson Seedless.Both of them were applicable for Hejin-1 grape. The results provide some material and theoretical fundations for grape powdery mildew resistance breeding and hybrids identification.