半夏植株腐解液对8种作物的化感作用及化感物质成分分析

The Allelopathy of Pinellia ternata Decomposed Liquid on 8 Crops and Composition of Allelochemicals

为探究半夏植株腐解液(PTDL)化感作用与连作障碍的关系以及半夏合理种植制度的建立,采用生物测试法研究半夏植株腐解液对8种作物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,并结合气质联用(GC-MS)技术对潜在的化感物质进行定性分析。结果表明,在物种水平,半夏植株腐解液对8种受试材料均有化感抑制作用,作用强度依次为生菜>莴笋>小麦>玉米>高粱>油菜>决明子>半夏。半夏植株腐解液的自毒作用呈低促高抑的浓度效应,0.01 g·m L-1是半夏植株腐解液产生显著自毒作用的临界浓度;半夏植株腐解液对生菜等7种作物的抑制作用强度与浓度呈正相关。乙醚萃取半夏植株腐解液所得活性组分中鉴定到30种化合物,其中2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、芥酸酰胺和2,2'‐亚甲基双(4甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)的相对含量合计占总体的60.35%,为化感物质,由此推测这是导致半夏连作障碍发生的重要原因之一。本研究为缓解和消除半夏连作障碍提供了理论依据。

To study the correlation between the autotoxicity of pinellia ternata decomposed liquid（PTDL） and continuous cropping obstacle and build a reasonable pinellia ternata cropping system,effects of PTDL,on seed germination and seedling growth of 8 crops,were studied using biological test,and qualitative analysis of potential allelochemicals was carried out using GC-MS technology. The results showed that PTDL had an allelopathic inhibiting effect on the 8 subject materials at the species level. The intensity followed the order of romaine lettuce lettuce wheat maize sorghum rape cassia seed pinellia ternata. Among them, autotoxicity presented a low-promoting and high-inhibiting concentration effect. The concentration of 0. 01 g·m L^-1 was considered as a critical concentration for significant autotoxicity. The inhibiting effect of PTDL on the other 7 crops was positively correlated with decomposing liquid concentration. Thirty compounds were identified in active components derived from diethyl ether extraction,among which 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,erucamide,diisobutyl phthalate and 2,2＇-methylenebis（6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol） accounted for 60. 35% of the total content and were reported as allelochemicals. It would be one of the important reasons for continuous cropping obstacle of pinellia ternata supposedly. The researching results provided a theoretical basis for alleviating and eliminating continuous cropping obstacle of pinellia ternata.