块茎形成期外施表油菜素内酯对马铃薯生理和产量的影响

Effect of Physiology and Yield by Spraying EBR During Potato Tuber Formation Stage

为探究表油菜素内酯(EBR)对马铃薯生理和产量的影响及作用机制,以3个马铃薯品种(东农310、东农311和东农312)为试验材料,在块茎形成期对盆栽和田间种植马铃薯分别喷施不同浓度EBR,测定植株超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、叶绿素相对含量、叶绿素荧光动力学参数、单株产量和干物质含量等指标。结果表明,在马铃薯块茎形成期喷施EBR能够显著提高植株生育后期叶片SOD活性、株高、叶片叶绿素相对含量,抑制叶片MDA含量的增加;同时对初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光产量(Fm)、PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)等叶绿素荧光动力学参数均有显著影响。此外,喷施EBR能够提高单株产量和亩产,其中东农310的FE1处理(0.02 mg·L-1EBR)的盆栽单株产量、田间单株产量和每667m2产量分别较CK显著提高64.3%、13.0%和286.3 kg;东农311的FE2处理(0.10 mg·L-1EBR)分别较CK显著提高25.9%、15.8%和370.0 kg;东农312的FE1处理分别较CK显著提高57.6%、6.0%和133.0 kg。喷施高浓度EBR(0.50 mg·L-1)能够提高盆栽和田间种植马铃薯单株块茎干物质含量,其中田间种植东农310、东农311和东农312的FE3处理(0.50 mg·L-1EBR)块茎干物质含量分别较CK显著高4.3%、11.8%和27.6%。本研究结果为马铃薯增产和EBR合理施用提供了理论依据。

For understanding influence and action mechanism of epibrassinolide（ EBR） on physiology and yield of three potato varieties（ Dongnong310,Dongnong311,and Dongnong312）,potting and field planting potatoes were taken as experimental materials and different concentrations of EBR were sprayed during the tuber formation stage. After the treatments,SOD activity,MDA content,relative content of chlorophyll,chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters,yield per plant and dry matter content were determined. The results showed that the SOD activity,height,relative content of chlorophyll of leaves were all increased in late development stage by spraying EBR during the tuber formation stage,while MDA content was not increased,and it also had a significant effect on chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters including minimal fluorescence（ Fo）,maximal fluorescence（ Fm）,maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ（ Fv/Fm）,etc. Spraying EBR can enhance production per plant and per mu. EBR（ 0. 02 mg·L-1） on FE1 of Dongnong 310 can significantly improve yield per potting plant,per filed plant and per mu 64. 3%,13. 0% and 286. 3 kg than CK,respectively; EBR（ 0. 10 mg·L-1） on FE2 of Dongnong 311 can significantly increase 25. 9%,15. 8%and 370. 0 kg than CK,respectively,while on FE1 of Dongnong 312 can significantly increase 57. 6%,6. 0% and 133.0 kg than CK,respectively. Spraying high concentration EBR（ 0. 50 mg·L-1） can improve tuber dry matter content of potting and field potatoes. Tuber dry matter content of EBR（ 0. 50 mg·L-1） on FE3 of Dongnong 310,311 and 312 were 4. 3%,11. 8% and 27. 6% more than the CK,separately. The results of this study provide theoretical basis and technical reference for potato production improvement and reasonable application of EBR.