我国南方野生樱属植物的SSR亲缘关系分析

Analysis of Genetic Relationship of Wild Cerasus in South China With SSR Markers

为给我国樱属植物的物种分类、保护以及新品种选育等提供一定的理论基础,本试验以我国30种典型樱属植物为材料,利用SSR分子标记技术进行亲缘关系分析,并辅以形态分类予以研究。SSR聚类结果表明,30种樱属植物分为3大类群(Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ),9小类群(Ⅰ、Ⅱa、Ⅱb、Ⅱc、Ⅱd、Ⅱe、Ⅲa、Ⅲb和Ⅲc),其中,Ⅰ类群包括郁李、麦李、毛樱桃和圆叶樱桃,表明圆叶樱桃与传统矮生樱亚属植物亲缘关系相对较近;Ⅱ类群中的Ⅱa包括高盆樱、武夷红樱、细齿樱桃和钟花樱,Ⅱb包括尾叶樱、短梗尾叶樱、磐安樱、重齿樱桃、襄阳山樱桃、浙闽樱和黑樱桃,Ⅱc包括多毛樱桃、沼生矮樱、雪落樱和短萼樱桃,Ⅱd包括山樱、毛叶山樱和红山樱,Ⅱe包括华中樱和野生早樱,表明细齿组、裂瓣组、黑果组以及部分新的矮生樱亚属管萼组植物亲缘关系较为接近;Ⅲ类群中的Ⅲa包括迎春樱,Ⅲb包括刺毛樱桃、托叶樱桃和散毛樱桃,Ⅲc包括崖樱桃和康定樱桃,表明重齿组、伞形组和总状组亲缘关系较为接近。总体而言,SSR聚类结果与形态分类大体一致,但也有极少数物种明显有悖于形态分类的结果。此外,分子标记聚类结果结合形态性状分类表明,多毛樱桃应由典型樱亚属的伞形组划分为矮生樱亚属的钟萼组,且多毛樱桃、雪落樱和沼生矮樱并未聚类到矮生樱亚属中,因此,以单芽和三芽作为区分典型樱亚属与矮生樱亚属的标准有待商榷。本试验结果为我国樱属植物进一步的分类研究、物种资源保护和利用、杂交亲本选择、嫁接繁殖应用等提供了重要的参考。

To provide a theoretical basis for the species classification,protection and new varieties breeding of Chinese Cerasus plants,30 typical Cerasus species were taken as experimental materials in this study,and the phylogenetic relationship was analyzed in combination of SSR molecular markers and morphological classification. The SSR clustering result showed that the 30 species of Cerasus were divided into three groups（Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ）,and subdivided into nine subgroups（Ⅰ、Ⅱa、Ⅱb、Ⅱc、Ⅱd、Ⅱe、Ⅲa、Ⅲb and Ⅲc）. Group Ⅰ includes Cerasus japonica,Cerasus glandulosa,Cerasus tomentosa and Cerasus mahaleb,which indicates that Cerasus mahaleb has relatively close genetic relationship with the traditional subgen. Microcerasus such as Cerasus japonica. Group Ⅱ is comprised of five subgroups： SubgroupⅡ a contains Cerasus cerasoides,Cerasus campanulata var. wuyiensis,Cerasus serrula and Cerasus campanulata;Subgroup Ⅱ b includes Cerasus dielsiana,Cerasus dielsiana var. abbreviata,Cerasus pananensis,Cerasus helenae,Cerasus cyclamina,Cerasusschneiderianaand Cerasus maximowiczii; subgroup Ⅱc comprises Cerasus polytricha,Cerasus jingningensis,Cerasus xueluoensis and Cerasus cantabrigiensis; subgroupⅡd contains Cerasus serrulata,Cerasus serrulata var. pubescens and Cerasus jamasakura; subgroupⅡe contains Cerasus conradinae and Cerasus subhirtella var. ascendens;which suggests a close relationship among Sect. Serrula,Sect. Lobopetalum,Sect. Sargentiella and the part of the new Sect. Amygdalocerasus plants. Group Ⅲ is made up of three subgroups： subgroup Ⅲ a includes Cerasus discoidea;subgroup Ⅲb contains Cerasus setulosa,Cerasus stipulacea and Cerasus patentipila; Ⅲc contains Cerasus scopulorum and Cerasus tatsienensis,which shows that Sect. Ceraseidos,Sect. Phyllocerasus and Sect. Phyllomahaleb are close related.Overall,SSR clustering results were roughly consistent with morphological classification,but there were also some conflicts in a few species between molecular data and morphological classification. In addition,the molecular results in combination with morphology suggest that Cerasus polytricha should belong to the Sect. Spiraeopsis of Subgen.Microcerasus rather than original Sect. Phyllocerasus of Subgen. Cerasus,and Cerasus polytricha,Cerasus xueluoensis and Cerasus jingningensis were not clustered into Subgroup Microcerasus. Therefore,it remains to be discussed to distinguish Subgen. Cerasus and Subgen. Microcerasus with single bud or three buds. The results of this study provide important reference value for further study on classification,conservation and utilization of species resources,selection of hybrid parents and grafting propagation of Cerasus in China.