生态整体主义与女权主义的趋同与修正

The Convergence and Revision of Ecological Holism and Feminism

环境伦理学是传统伦理学的延伸与突破,关注焦点由早期开明的人类中心主义、动物权利论,转向生物平等主义与生态整体主义。其实质反映的是人类中心主义向彻底非人类中心主义,个体主义向整体主义演进的脉络。整体主义作为理性功利主义发展的至高点,与近代涌现的非理性、崇尚非二元论的生态女权主义并驾齐驱。一方面,二者在非人类中心、整体、动态、道德关怀等方面呈现趋同;另一方面,整体主义所面临的自然主义谬误、极权主义、反比例原理悖论等批判或通过生态女权主义关怀伦理予以修正;生态女权主义非二元论形成的价值危机或依托整体主义的生态学理性予以修正。两大主义或通过人与自然的伦理关系、价值追求、责任基础三个维度予以融合。

Environmental ethics is the extension and breakthrough of traditional ethics. It doesn’t focus on the early enlightened human center doctrine, the theory of animal rights. However, it turns to the theory of biological equality and ecological integrity. Its essence is a reflection of transition from the anthropocentrism to non-anthropocentrism thoroughly,and the evolution of individualism collectivism to holism. Holism is the highest point of the developing rational utilitarianism, together with eco feminism’s non dualism and irrationality. On the one hand, the two show the same in non human center, overall, dynamic, moral and other aspects of care; on the other hand, the critique of totalitarianism,naturalistic fallacy, inverse proportion principle of holism may be revised by feminist care ethics; ecological feminism’s non dualism and value crisis may be revised by rational ecology holism. This article discusses about three dimensions： the relationship between man and nature, the pursuit of value, the basis of liability, to further prove the two doctrine of harmony.