杀草丹降解菌Bacillus sp. T2的筛选、鉴定及降解特性

Isolation, identification, and the degradation characteristics of a thiobencarbdegrading bacterium Bacillus sp. T2

为研发稻田除稗剂杀草丹污染环境的生物修复技术和探究杀草丹微生物降解代谢机制,通过微生物驯化与富集技术,从长期施用杀草丹水稻田土样中分离纯化一株能够以杀草丹为唯一碳源生长的高效降解菌株T2,在36 h内对0.4 mmol/L的杀草丹降解率达到98.3%以上.根据其形态、生理生化特征及16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析,将其初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus sp.T2）.通过GC-MS鉴定产物为对氯苄硫醇、对氯苯甲醛和对氯苯甲酸;依据产物鉴定结果推测菌株T2通过硫酯键水解的方式起始杀草丹的降解,首先将其转化为对氯苄硫醇,随后进一步被氧化为对氯苯甲醛和对氯苯甲酸,该降解途径可能是一种新的杀草丹微生物降解代谢途径.因此菌株Bacillus sp.T2对杀草丹具有非常高的降解效率,在污染环境的微生物修复方面具有很好的应用前景;本研究结果也为揭示土壤中杀草丹微生物降解代谢过程及机制提供了研究材料和理论依据.

Thiobencarb, a thiocarbamate herbicide, is widely used to control weeds in rice paddies. Screening for highly efficient thiobencarb-degrading bacteria is important for the bioremediation of thiobencarb-contaminated environments. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify highly efficient thiobencarb-degrading bacteria and to identify the degradation pathway and the degrading properties. The thiobencarb-degrading strain was isolated using methods of microbiological acclimation and enrichment and was then identified using a 16 S r RNA phylogenetic analysis. The degrading properties of the isolated bacterium were determined by single-factor experiments, and the degradation products were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. A thiobencarb-degrading strain T2, which can utilize thiobencarb as the sole source of carbon for energy and growth, was isolated from paddy soil. Strain T2 degraded more than 98.3% of 0.4 mmol/L of thiobencarb within 36 h. It was preliminarily identified as Bacillus sp. T2 according to the 16 S r RNA gene analysis and from its morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The metabolic products of the thiobencarb degradation for strain T2 were identified as 4-chlorobenzyl mercaptan, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, and 4-chlorobenzoic acid by the GC-MS. Based on metabolite identification, it was speculated that thiobencarb degradation in strain T2 was initiated by the hydrolysis of the thioester bond to produce 4-chlorobenzyl mercaptan, which was further oxidized to 4-chlorobenzaldehyde and 4-chlorobenzoic acid. The thiobencarb degradation that was initiated by the hydrolysis of the thioester bond by strain T2 is a new metabolic pathway, which provides valuable research material and reliable experimental data for revealing the metabolic process and mechanism of thiobencarb microbial degradation in soil. The strain Bacillus sp. T2 has a very high degradation efficiency, suggesting it is a good prospect for microbial remediation in thiobencarb-polluted environments.