场发射电推力器的研究现状及其关键技术

Research status and key technologies of field emission electric propulsion thruster

与传统的化学推进相比,电推进具有高比冲、小推力、长寿命等特点,能够大幅节省推进剂、增加有效载荷质量,从而增加航天器在轨寿命,提高航天器的整体性能与收益,特别适合用于航天器的姿态控制、轨道转移和深空探测等任务。场发射电推力器是一种具有比冲高、推力冲量分辨率高、推力噪声低、功耗及成本低、结构紧凑等优点的电推力器,是重力梯度卫星的高精度阻力补偿、微纳卫星的姿态控制和轨道转移、星座编队飞行等任务最有前景的推进技术之一。简述了场发射电推力器的工作原理、结构和特点,重点分析了国内外场发射电推力器的研究现状以及关键技术。

In comparison with the traditional chemical propulsion,the electric propulsion has the characteristics of high specific impulse,low thrust and long lifetime,etc. It can greatly save propellant and increase payload weight,thereby increasing the spacecraft life in orbit and improving the overall performance and benefit of spacecraft. It is especially suitable for attitude control,orbit transfer and deep space exploration of spacecraft. The field emission electric propulsion（ FEEP） thruster is a kind of electric thruster with the advantages of high specific impulse,high thrust impulse resolution,low thrust noise,low power consumption,low cost and compact structure. It is one of the most promising thrustersfor high-precision resistance compensation of gravity-gradient satellite,attitude control and orbit transfer of micro/nano satellite,satellite formation flight and so on. The principle,structure and characteristic of FEEP thruster are briefly summarized. The research status and the key technologies of FEEP thrusters at home and abroad are emphatically analyzed,which provides a reference for the development of FEEP in China.