论吴淇对《文选》中拟诗的认识

Wu Qi's Understanding of Imitation Poems in Anthology

对于《文选》中的63首拟诗,清代吴淇在《六朝选诗定论》中有具体而深入的论述。拟诗所模拟的"原诗",或者原为某一首诗,或者原为某一组诗,或者原来根本无具体模拟对象。对此问题,吴淇有非常清醒的认识。就模拟方法而言,吴淇总结出模拟字句、模拟格调以及备人与备体三个层次。就拟诗达到的境界而言,吴淇将其分为逼似古人之形神、改变古诗之形义和自赋新意三种。就拟诗取得的成就而言,吴淇认为有不及原诗、与原诗相当和超越原诗三种情况。不仅如此,吴淇还勾勒出拟诗的发展历史,并揭示出其对后世诗歌的积极影响。

As for the 63 limitation poems in Anthology, Wu Qi, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, has a concrete and deep comment in his Critique of Some Poems of the Six Dynasties. According to Wu, the "original" poem(s) imitated are either original poems, or a group of poems, or there are no objects being imitated at all. Of that matter, Wu has a sober understanding. Wu summarizes three imitation methods: language imitation, style imitation and figure/genre re-creation. In terms of grades of realms of imitation poems, Wu recognizes resemblance of classics, change of form and meaning of classics and addition of new meaning. For achievements of imitation poems, Wu argues that some imitation poems are not so good as, some are as good as, and some are better than the original poems. Furthermore, Wu outlines the history of imitation poems and reveals its influence on later poems.