尧舜时期“德”属性的双重性——以《虞夏书》为中心

The Duality of the Natures of “De” in the Period of the Yao and Shun

针对"德"起源于原始社会说,李德龙提出了"德"起源于尧舜时期统治者的政治概念属性的政治行为说。在此基础上,以今文尚书《虞夏书》为中心,对政治属性之"德"的分层现象进行进一步分析,即针对酋邦联合体之共主及其治下之各级部族首领,形成了与阶级分层及其相应政治地位一致的共主之"德"(后来的王德)与臣"德"。《虞夏书》所见政治行为与宗教观及其支配下的宗教行为的相互关系,反映了尧舜时期"德"具有政治属性与宗教属性的双重性,二者相互贯通。尧舜时期"德"由政治行为与宗教观念支配下的宗教行为共构,并预示了"德"在尧舜时期向殷商时期的发展趋向。

In the light of the statements that ＂De＂ was originated in primitive society, Li Delong put forward the theory that ＂De＂ was originated fl＇om the political behaviors of rulers in the period of Yao and Shun. On the basis of Li Delong＇ s point of view, the stratification of the political attribute of ＂De＂ is further analyzed. From the meanings of ＂De＂ recorded in Yu Xia Shun, the interrelations between the political behaviors, the religious view and the religious behaviors reflects the dual nature of political and religious attributes of ＂De＂ in the period of Yao and Shun. ＂De＂ in the period of Yao and Shun was composed of political acts and religious acts under the influenees of religious beliefs, and it reflected the trend of development.