胃癌靶向治疗机制及中西医药物治疗情况的研究进展

Research progress on mechanisms of targeted therapy for gastric cancer and treatment of Chinese and western drugs

胃癌是全球范围内最常见的恶性肿瘤,常采用外科治疗结合生物药物技术手段进行治疗。随着肿瘤生物学的快速发展,肿瘤分子标志物不断涌现,分子靶向治疗因其特异性强、副作用小等优势得到迅速发展,靶向治疗在胃癌中的研究备受关注,但因其耐药性和分子标志物的缺乏等问题导致临床应用受限。目前胃癌的治疗靶点包括人类表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(m TOR)、重组人成纤维细胞生长因子受体2(FGFR2)、肝细胞生长因子受体(HGFR/c-MET)、细胞程序性死亡-1(PD-1)和细胞程序性死亡配体-1(PD-L1)等。近几年,随着中药抗肿瘤研究的深入开展,诸如熊果酸、木犀草素等中药活性成分和中药复方制剂治疗胃癌的机制已逐渐阐明。本文通过总结分析常见的胃癌靶向治疗机制及中药治疗胃癌的机制,为进一步开发高效低毒的靶向中药提供思路和借鉴。

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and it has been treated by surgical therapy combined with biological drug technology. With the rapid development of tumor biology and the discovery of tumor molecular markers, molecular tar- geted therapy has been rapidly developed because of its strong specificity and less side effects. Targeted therapies in gastric cancer also have attracted great attention, but they are limited in clinical application due to the drug resistance and the lack of effective molecular markers. Current therapeutic targets for gastric cancer include human epidermal growth factor receptor （ EGFR）, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （HER-2）, vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）, recombinant human fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 （ FGFR2）, MET（ Hepatocyte Growth Factor, HFG）, programmed cell death-1 （PD-1） and programmed cell death ligand-1 （PD-L1）, etc. In recent years, with the in-depth anti-tumor research of traditional Chinese medicine, the anti-gastric cancer mechanism of active ingredient of Chinese medicine such as ursolic acid, and luteolin, as well as the traditional Chinese medicine compound recipe have been gradually clarified. This article summaries and analyzes the action mechanism of common gastric cancer targe- ted treatment and the mechanism of Chinese medicine in treating gastric cancer, thus, providing ideas and reference for further develop- ment of high-efficiency and low-toxicity targeted Chinese medicine.