枯草芽孢杆菌制剂和紫雏菊提取物对育肥羔羊胃肠道发育及其内容物分布的影响

Effects of Bacillus Subtilis Additive and Echinacea Extractive on Gastrointestinal Development and Their Content Distribution in Fattening Lambs

试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌制剂、紫雏菊提取物对育肥羔羊胃肠道发育及其内容物分布的影响。选用30只90日龄萨福克羊×小尾寒羊杂交一代羔羊,随机分为3组,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+100 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌、基础日粮+100 mg/kg紫雏菊提取物,育肥60 d后每组选择接近组平均活体质量的4只育肥羊屠宰,测定其胃、肠道相对质量,胃、肠道内容物相对质量。结果表明:(1)饲喂紫雏菊组瘤、网胃相对质量最大。其中,瘤胃相对质量分别为瘤胃指数1.88%,%总胃质量57.52%,%总胃肠道质量29.67%;网胃相对质量分别为网胃指数0.40%,%总胃质量12.36%,%总胃肠道质量6.36%;饲喂枯草芽孢杆菌组瓣胃、皱胃相对质量最大:瓣胃相对质量分别为瓣胃指数0.55%,%总胃质量为16.17%,%总胃肠道质量为7.55%;皱胃相对质量分别为皱胃指数0.78%,%总胃质量为22.97%,%总胃肠道质量为10.68%;肠道(小肠、大肠)指数以饲喂枯草芽孢杆菌组最大,分别为2.66%和1.24%,紫雏菊组最小,分别为2.16%和0.91%,饲喂枯草芽孢杆菌组小肠相对质量(%总胃肠道质量)最大(36.39%),紫雏菊组最小(34.12%);小肠相对长度(%肠道总长)紫雏菊组最大(83.21%)。(2)胃肠道内容物的分布情况表明,饲喂紫雏菊组瘤胃内容物分布相对较多,分别为%活体质量10.82%,%总胃内容物质量90.57%,%总胃肠道内容物质量71.14%;饲喂枯草芽孢杆菌组网胃内容物分布相对较少,分别为%活体质量0.13%,%总胃内容物1.19%,%总胃肠道内容物0.92%;饲喂紫雏菊组小肠内容物分布相对最少,分别为%活体质量0.99%,%总肠道内容物30.66%,%总胃肠道内容物6.54%。结论:育肥羔羊饲喂紫雏菊提取物可促进瘤网胃发育,饲喂枯草芽孢杆菌可刺激瓣胃、皱胃及肠道(小肠和大肠)的发育;饲喂紫雏菊可使瘤胃内容物分布量增大,小肠内容物分布量减少;饲喂枯草芽孢杆菌可使网胃内容物分布量减少。

The aim of this study was to study the effect of Bacillus subtilis additive and Echinac a extractive on the gastrointestinal development and its content distribution in fattening lambs. 30 ninety-day-old Suffolk×Small-tail han lambs weaned were selected and divided into three groups and three rations（basal ration,basal ration＋100 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis pre paration,basal ration＋100 mg/kg Echinacea extractive） were fed respectivety for fattening and slaughtering after 60 days with four lambs in each group. The relative quality of gastrointestinal tract and their contents were measured. The results showed that：（1）The relative qualities of rumen and reticulum was the highest in the lambs fed Echinacea extractive. The relative qualities of rumen were as follows：rumen index 1.88%,% total stomach quality 57.52%,% total gastrointestinal tracts 29.67%. The relative qualities of retilucum were：reticulum index 0.40%,% total stomach 12.36%,% total gastrointestinal tracts 6.36%. The relative qualities of omasum and abomasum were the highest in the lambs fed Bacillus subtilis. The omasum index was 0.55% and % total stomach qualities was 16.17%,% total gastrointestinal tracts qualities was 7.55%.Abomasum index was 0.78% and % total stomach qualities was 22.97%,% total gastrointestinal tracts qualities was 10.68%.The intestinal（small intestinal and large intestinal）index in the lambs fed Bacillus subtilis additive were the highest（2.66% and 1.24% respectively）and the lowest in the lambs fed Echinacea extractive（2.16% and 0.91% respectively）.The small intestinal quality（%total gastrointestinal tracts）was the highest in the lambs fed Bacillus subtilis additive（36.39%）and the lowest in the lambs fed Echinacea extractive（34.12%）.The relative length（% total intestine length） was the highest in the lambs fed Echinacea extractive（83. 21 %）.（2） The distribution of gastrointestinal tracts contents were as follows. Rumen contents was the highest in the lambs fed Bacillus subtilis additive（%live body weight10.82%,% total stomach contents 90.57%,% total gastrointestinal contents 71.14%）.The contents distribution of reticulum was the lowest in the lambs fed Bacillus subtilis additive（%live body weight 0.13%,%total stomach contents1.19%,% total gastrointestinal contents 0.92%,respectively）.The contents distribution in small intestine was lower（%live body weight 0.99%,%total stomach contents 30.66%,% total gastrointestinal contents 6.54%,respectively）.Conclusion：Echinacea extractive accelerated the rumen and reticulum development of the lambs,and stimulated the omasum,abomasum and intestine（small intestine and large intestine）development of the lambs. Feeding Echinacea extractive increased the rumen contents distribution and decreased the small intestinal contents distribution of the lambs.Feeding Bacillus subtilis additive decreased the distribution of reticulum contents of the lambs.