鲁北地区全株玉米青贮饲料霉菌毒素检测分析

Detection and Analysis on Mycotoxins in Whole Corn Silage in North Shandong

为了评估鲁北地区全株玉米青贮饲料霉菌毒素含量及危害情况,在鲁北地区18家养殖场青贮池中采集青贮样品,利用ELISA检测方法,开展了呕吐毒素(DON)、黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、T-2、赭曲霉毒素(OTA)等5种常见霉菌毒素的检测分析。结果表明:呕吐毒素、T-2毒素检出率均为100%,黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮、赭曲霉毒素检出率分别为55.56%、27.78%、5.56%;5.56%的样品存在黄曲霉毒素B1超出限量标准,其他均在限量标准以下。添加乳酸菌制剂制备组的呕吐毒素、黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮3种霉菌毒素平均含量明显低于未添加组。全部样品中均检测出2种以上霉菌毒素,其中DON+T-2+AFB1三种霉菌毒素的组合检出率最高,达到38.89%,因此需提高对全株玉米青贮饲料霉菌毒素污染的认识和重视程度。

In order to assess the content and endanger of mycotoxin in whole corn silage in north Shandong,the siliage samples from18 farms in north Shandong were collected to analyze the content of vomitoxin（DON）,aflatoxin B1（AFB1）,zearalenone（ZEN）,T-2 and ochratoxin（OTA）by ELISA. The results indicated that the relevance ratio of vomitoxin and T-2 was 100%,the relevance ratio of aflatoxin,zearalenone and ochratoxin were 55.56%,27.78% and 5.56% respectively. Aflatoxin B1 in 5.56% samples was above the limit standard,others were below the limit standard. After adding lactic acid bacteria preparation,the content of vomitoxin（DON）,aflatoxin B1（AFB1）,zearalenone（ZEN） decreased obviously. 2 kinds of mycotoxin could be detected in all samples,the relevance ratio with DON＋T-2＋AFB1 was higher,reached 38.89%. Therefore,mycotoxin pollution in whole corn silage was an important problem.