论留置权成立要件之“同一法律关系”

On "the Same Legal Relationship" of the Establishment of Lien

留置权作为一种古老的债务担保方式,在市民生活中发挥着重要的作用。域外大陆法系将民事留置权界分为物权性留置权和债权性留置权,以牵连关系为路径进行建构。我国《物权法》第231条规定留置物应与债权具有"同一法律关系",该限定过于严苛。借镜域外相关规定,结合我国法制发展脉络,我国民事留置权的适用范围应予以扩大,将"同一法律关系"向"牵连关系"扩张。同时,在民法典物权编立法中,亦应对商事留置权和特殊留置权进行反思与重构。

The lien, as an ancient debt guarantee form, plays a critical role in people＇s life. It is di-vided into lien of real right and lien of creditor＇s right in extraterritorial continental law system, construct-ing through implicated relationship. Article 231 of the property law stipulates that the retained property andthe lien should have the same legal relationship. However, the restriction is much too harsh. Drawing onthe relevant regulations of other countries and combining with the development of China＇s legal system, thescope of application of civil lien should be enlarged. ＂The same legal relationship＂ should be expanded to＂the implicated relationship＂. Meanwhile,in the legislation of the civil code, the commercial lien and spe-cial lien should also be reconsidered and reconstructed.