美国自然文学中的水世界——溪流与海的生命书写

Water World in American Nature Writing: Life Writing of the Creek, the River and the Sea

美国自然文学中有关水的写作深受田园传统、超验主义和东方文化的影响。无论是湖泊、溪流还是海洋,以水为对象的写作强调动静结合,意图呈现自然之景形态的丰富和音乐的美感。此类作品在自然文学中占有重要的位置,并延伸了荒野的内涵,体现了荒野的价值。水世界中蕴含着自然的声音,给予人们心灵的启迪。从亚利桑那出发,经由弗吉尼亚到马萨诸塞,选取大峡谷、汀克溪、科德角的河海之景,分析经典水主题的写作,进而将个人生活置于一个更为广泛的背景下展开探索。溪流绵延数里,海洋广袤无垠,从美学和伦理的角度提示着人类如何在多变的现代社会中寻求一种与自然和谐相处的生活方式。

Writing on water in American nature-oriented literature is influenced by pastoralism,transcendentalism and orientalism,which is an extension of wilderness theme and demonstrates the value of wilderness.Ponds,lakes,rivers,oceans speak and spark in nature writing,creating a moving world of tranquility,diversity and musicality.In the water world,we can hear the sound of nature to give us an endless stream of inspiration.The examination of writings on Grand Canyon,Tinker Creek and Cape Cod offers us a chance to place our personal life in a larger context.From Arizona,through Virginia to Massachusetts,the classic writings about water can provide people an insight into the problem of how to maintain a harmonious relationship with nature in an ever-changing modern society from the ethical and aesthetic perspectives.