土地整治对生态系统服务影响研究综述

Review on the Study of the Impacts of Land Consolidation on Ecosystem Services

生态系统服务是人类直接或间接从生态系统获得的各种惠益,构建了人类与自然的桥梁和纽带,将科学与管理决策紧密相连。全面认识和深入理解人类活动对生态环境的影响,对实现区域协调和可持续发展具有重要意义。土地整治已成为中国最大规模改变土地利用方式和影响陆地生态系统的有组织的人类活动之一,深刻影响着区域乃至全国的土地利用格局和生态过程,也对生态系统服务产生了诸多影响。在分析土地整治与生态系统服务关系的基础上,阐明土地整治通过改变土地利用/覆被的类型、结构和格局间接影响生态系统服务;通过分析土地平整和农田水利等工程措施对生态系统供给、调节、支持和文化等服务功能的直接影响,指出其既有正向影响,又有负向影响。论述了土地整治对不同生态系统服务之间关系的影响,认为土地整治能影响其间的协同或者权衡关系。概括了土地整治对生态系统服务影响的尺度效应,指出土地整治对生态系统服务的影响具有较强的尺度依赖性。提出了未来重点研究内容:(1)加强土地整治对生态系统结构和过程影响的研究,构建土地整治对生态过程和功能影响的方法与模型;(2)围绕土地整治影响生态系统结构与功能—生态系统服务—调节调控这一主线,强化土地整治中生态系统服务及其相互关系的研究;(3)加强土地整治的区域生态系统服务集成和优化研究,科学调控土地整治所影响的关键生态系统服务和时空布局;(4)重视土地整治对生态系统服务影响的尺度效应,深入研究土地整治在不同时空尺度上影响生态系统服务的耦合机制。期望完善土地整治对生态系统服务影响的研究,为将生态系统服务评价纳入土地整治的管理决策提供科学依据。

Ecosystem services （ES） are benefits that humans derive directly or indirectly from ecosystems, which make connections between human and nature and between the science and management decisions closely. Thus, it is of great significance of comprehensive recognition of the human activities impacts on the ecosystems for making the regional developments hannoniously and sustainably. With impacts on the change of land use and terrestrial ecosystems, land consolidation has been one of the hugest organized human activities in China. Deeply affecting regional and national land use patterns and ecological processes, land consolidation significant influences ES. Based on the introduction of the relationships between land consolidation and ES, this paper summarized the impacts of the land consolidation on ES indirect through changing the types, structures and patterns of the land use/ cover, and the direct impacts of its engineering teatures such as land leveling, inrigation and drainage on the ditterent ES types including provision, regulation, support and cultural services as both positive and negative existing. This paper also summarized the impacts of land consolidation on those ES relationships with synergy/trade-off, as the scale effects of these impacts revealed the scale dependence. The future prospects were suggested of the research on the impacts of land consolidation on ES as follows ： （ 1 ） Enhancing the study on the impacts of land consolidation on the ecosystem structures and processes, to develop the method and models of the land consolidation impacts on the ecological processes and functions; （2） Highlighting the study on the ESs and their relationships, based on the main thread of the land consolidation affecting the ecosystem structures and functions, the ES and its regulations ; （ 3 ） Focusing on the integration and optimization of regional ESs, to regulate the key ES spatio-temporal patterns scientifically with land consolidation; （4） Paying more attention to the scale effects of the impacts of land consolidation, as well as its coupling mechanism at different scales. It is expected to improve the research of ESs affected by land consolidation, and scientific basis will be provided for the management decision-making to integrate ESs evaluation into land consolidation.