畜禽养殖氨排放清单研究现状与实证

Empirical Study on Ammonia Emission Inventory From Livestock

氨在雾霾形成中起着关键作用,从源头上控制氨排放,对提升空气环境质量尤为重要,而畜禽养殖作为人为源氨排放的重要来源备受关注。准确的畜禽养殖氨排放清单对于核算氨排放量、识别主要排放源进而制定有效的畜禽氨减排政策具有重要意义。通过梳理畜禽养殖氨排放清单的发展历程,总结欧盟、美国和中国畜禽养殖氨排放清单的运用情况,结合某生猪养殖场实测数据,对比分析中国指南和欧盟方法(EEA方法)。结果表明,畜禽氨排放清单归纳总结为整体系数法、阶段系数法;用EEA方法核算的栏舍、存储环节氨排放系数显著高于中国指南核算结果和实测结果,中国指南核算结果与实测结果大致接近,归因于中国指南对于关键参数如总氨态氮(TAN)进行了本土化取值,但氨挥发率等核心参数的本土化研究的缺乏仍然制约清单的准确性;清单参数结构与中国现有的畜禽基量统计数据匹配度不高。亟需进一步深入开展畜禽排泄物中TAN量、氨挥发率和非氨转化率等基础核心参数的实测研究,以便为中国养殖业氨排放清单本土化编制工作提供理论支撑。

Ammonia plays a key role in the formation of haze, therefore, controlling ammonia emission fi＇om pollution sources is an ettective measure to improve air quality, in which livestock is one of most important sources. Through investigating the development process of the ammonia emission inventory of livestock, the application of the ammonia emission inventory of livestock in the United States and China was summarized. At the same time, combined with the measured data of a pig tann, the Chinese guide and the European Union method （EEA method） were compared and analyzed. The results show that （ 1 ） there are two kinds of methods to develop the ammonia emission inventory, the total coefficient method and stage coefficient method, respectively; （2） the ammonia emission coefficients of livestock house and storage measured by the EEA method were significantly higher than the results of China＇s guide and the actual measured results, meanwhile, the results of China＇s guide were roughly close to the actual measured results. It was attributed to the localization of key parameters, such as total ammonium nitrogen （TAN） , in China＇s guide, however, the accuracy of the inventory is still re- stricted by lacking of the research on the ratio of ammonia emission in ditterent stages ; （ 3 ） the structure of ammonia emission inventory parameters can not match with the base quantity of livestock in China. Therefore, it is urgent to thrther carry out the field measurement of basic parameters, such as the amount of TAN in the livestock excrement, ammonia volatilization rate, and non-ammonia conversion rate, so as to provide the theoretical support for the establishment of indigenization livestock ammonia emission inventory in China.