洛克与诺齐克的“自然状态”比较

A Comparative Study on Locke and Nozick's Theory of “the State of Nature”

洛克和诺齐克认为,自然状态下的人们,自由、平等、生命权和私有财产权神圣不可侵犯。然而,洛克的自然状态具有较浓的宗教神学色彩,诺齐克的自然状态则少有神学方面的引证;关于国家的形成,洛克坚持一种"隐蔽的手的解释"的契约论,诺齐克则坚持一种"看不见的手的解释";在个人权利方面,诺齐克不接受"权利功利主义",坚持个人权利神圣不可侵犯,而洛克对个人权利的坚持相比而言没有那么极端;在财产权方面,洛克关注的是获得的正当性,而诺齐克除此之外还关注"转让正义"和"矫正正义"。

Nozick’s theory of state of nature is greatly influenced by Locke. They all believe that people’s freedom,equality,the right to life and private property rights are sacred and inviolable. As for the differences between them,Locke’s theory of state of nature has a strong religious theological color,while Nozick’s theory is the lack of theological basis. In terms of the birth of the country,Locke insists on the contract theory of “hidden-hand explanation”,while Nozick insists on the theory of “invisible-hand explanations”. As for private rights,Nozick does not accept “utilitarianism of rights” and adheres to the sacred inviolability of individual rights,while Locke’s view of individual rights was less extreme. In the aspect of private property rights,Locke is more concerned about the principle of justice in acquisition,but beyond that Nozick paid attention to “principle of justice transference” and “corrective justice” .