明代江南地区修建文峰塔风俗研究

STUDY ON THE CUSTOMS OF BUILDING WENFENG TOWER IN JIANGNAN AREA IN MING DYNASTY

文峰塔是一种集调风水、昌文运、兴科举等诸多特殊功能于一体的风水塔。由于科举中式具有一定的偶然性以及科第乏人、科甲不兴等原因,明代江南地区形成了修建文峰塔的风俗。文峰塔一般都是依照风水堪舆之术进行选址,由士绅百姓共同参与修建,其形制与佛塔类似。它的修建寄托了人们希望本地科甲兴盛的美好期望;促进了当地科举文化的进一步发展;开启了民智,维护了社会的和谐安定;同时也为当地增添了标志性和观赏性的景观。

Wenfeng Tower is a kind of geomantic tower with many special functions, such as adjusting fengshui, changing academic fortune, promoting imperial examination and so on. Due to the contingency of imperial examination and the lack of local participation and success in imperial examination, the custom of building Wenfeng tower was formed in the south of the Yangtze River in Ming Dynasty. Wenfeng Tower was generally located based on the geomantic technology, built by the gentry and common people, its shape similar to a pagoda. Its construction was people′s hope for the prosperity of the local participation and success in imperial examination. It promoted the development of the local imperial examination culture, brought wisdom to the people and helped maintain social harmony and stability. At the same time, it was a landmark and ornamental landscape to the local people.