基于地理信息系统的四川省卫生资源配置空间分析

On the Spatial Distribution of Health Resources Allocation Based on Geographical Information System in Sichuan

应用Arc GIS 10.1软件,运用反距离加权(IDW)插值法、空间自相关分析和Getis-Ord Gi9)热点分析的研究方法,探讨2015年四川省卫生资源配置地理空间分布状况,为优化卫生资源配置提供参考。反距离加权(IDW)插值显示,卫生资源集中在成都、攀枝花地区,并以这些地区为中心向周边地区辐射,而川东北、川西北、凉山地区配置较少。全局空间自相关分析结果显示,床位和护士配置在区域范围内呈随机分布,执业(助理)医师的配置呈正相关性;局部空间自相关分析显示,每千人口卫生机构床位高—高聚集区集中在眉山市,低—低聚集区集中在达州市、广安市;每千人口执业(助理)医师不存在集聚性,呈随机分布;每千人口执业护士低—低聚集区集中在南充市、广安市、达州市。Getis-Ord Gi*热点分析显示,眉山市、资阳市为每千人口卫生机构床位数的"热点区",达州市为每千人口执业护士数的"冷点区",其它地区差异无统计学意义。可以看出,四川省卫生资源空间配置均衡性有待优化。在制定卫生规划时,应考虑到地理要素和空间分布,重视卫生资源配置差异性问题,加强对欠发达地区的投入,缩小地域间差异。

To provide a reterence tbr optimizing the allocation of health resources, the geographical spatial distribu- tion of Sichuan＇ s health resources allocation in 2015 is explored by Inverse Distance Weighted （IDW） interpolation method, spatial auto-correlation and Getis-Ord Gi ＊ index based on ArcGIS 10.1 software. IDW interpolation result shows that medical resources are concentrated in Chengdu and Panzhihua, radiating to the surrounding area. It is rarely distributed in Northeast, Northwest and Liangshan regions. Global spatial auto-correlation analysis results show that the allocation of hospital beds and nurses are randomly distributed in the region. Besides, the configuration of practicing （assistant） physicians is positively correlated. Local spatial auto-correlation analysis shows that the high- high accumulation area of health institution beds for per thousand people is in Meishan while the low-low accumula- tion areas are in Dazhou and Guang＇ an. Practicing （assistant） physicians tor every thousand people is randomly distributed with no agglomeration. The low-low concentration areas of practicing nurses per thousand people are con- centrated in Nanchong, Guang＇ an and Dazhou. Getis-Ord Gi ＊ analysis shows that Meishan and Ziyang are the ＂hot spot＂ of health institution beds tor per thousand people while the ＂cold spot＂ area of practicing nurses per thousand people is Dazhou. But there is no statistic significance in other areas＇ ditterences. From the study,we can see that the spatial configuration of health resources in Sichuan province still needs to be optimized. Therefore,when making health plans, the geographical elements and spatial distribution should be taken into account and the differences be- tween medical and health resources allocation should be paid attention to. In addition, investment in underdevel- oped areas should be enhanced to narrow regional ditterences