《侵权责任法》视野下无人驾驶汽车的法律挑战与规则完善

Legal challenges by automated vehicles and regulation improvement in the perspective of Tort Liability Law

无人驾驶汽车对驾驶人员的替代极大地冲击了以驾驶人员主观过错为基础的机动车交通事故责任体系。不妨从比较法视角吸收国外立法的先进成果,成立专门的监管机构,构建差别化的责任追究机制和监管机制,建立跨区域的黑匣子分析中心,通过强制保险制度和赔偿基金寻求风险规避和损害分担的"深口袋",谨慎对待以无人驾驶汽车为代表的人工智能主体资格,以期实现技术创新、损害填补与有效监管的综合平衡,为我国争夺人工智能领域的国际话语权和标准制定权奠定基础。

Automated vehicles that are reducing and substituting drivers will exert great impact on the ehicle traffic accident liability system based on the subjective fault of drivers. From the perspective of comarative laws, we can absorb the advanced achievements of foreign legislation, set up special supervision initutions, construct differentiated accountability and supervision mechanism, set up trans-regional black box alysis centers, and seek “deep pockets” that will avoid risks and share damages through compulsory inurance system and compensation funds. We should be discreet about the subject of artificial intelligence reesented by automated vehicles, aiming at a balance among technological innovation, damage filling and fective supervision, which will lay a foundation for our country to compete for the international right of peech and standard making right in the field of artificial intelligence.